Author - Darren McLean

Travel Quiz 15: Where in the World?

World Countries Quiz: A view of Lake Kaindy.

World Countries Quiz

This is a World Countries Quiz from taste2travel!

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01. Where in the world would you be if you were flying over Kaieteur Falls, the world's largest single drop waterfall?

A rainbow over Kaieteur Falls, Guyana.
Correct! Wrong!

02. Where in the world would you be if you were photographing a Marine iguana?

A very colourful Galapagos land iguana on South Plaza Island.
Correct! Wrong!

03. Where in the world would you be if you were flying over the Blue hole of Voh?

Blue Hole of Voh, New Caledonia.
Correct! Wrong!

04. Where in the world would you be if you were riding the Pyongyang metro?

The headlight from a locomotive illuminates one of the bronze panels at Puhung station on the Pyongyang metro.
Correct! Wrong!

05. Where in the world would you be if you were shopping in the capital city of Oranjestad?

Dutch-style architecture in Oranjestad, Aruba.
Correct! Wrong!

06. Where in the world would you be if you were observing Gentoo penguins?

Port Lockroy Gentoo Penguins
Correct! Wrong!

07. Where in the world would you be if you were attending the Cayenne carnival?

A Cayenne Carnival Participant.
Correct! Wrong!

08. Where in the world would you be if you were exploring the island of Tutuila?

World Islands Quiz: American Samoa Travel Guide: American Samoa National Park
Correct! Wrong!

09. Where in the world would you be if you were visiting these towers?

The iconic Water Towers in Kuwait City.
Correct! Wrong!

10. Where in the world would you be if you were visiting the Nan Madol ruin complex?

The impressive walls of Nan Madol.
Correct! Wrong!

11. Where in the world would you be if you were relaxing on a beach on Aitutaki?

Hammock on Aitutaki.
Correct! Wrong!

12. Where in the world would you be if you were visiting the atoll of Funafuti?

Tuvalu Travel Guide: Palm trees on Funafuti.
Correct! Wrong!

13. Where in the world would you be if you were viewing Sørvágsvatn lake?

An incredible sight - Sørvágsvatn is the largest lake in the Faroes and occupies the most dramatic setting high above the Atlantic.
Correct! Wrong!

14. Where in the world would you be if you were swimming in the turquoise waters of Palawan?

Looking like a swimming pool, this was the first dive site for our day of diving.
Correct! Wrong!

15. Where in the world would you be if you were spending this currency?

World Currencies Quiz: A selection of Kyrgyzstan Som bank notes.
Correct! Wrong!

16. Where in the world would you be if you were shopping in Manama souk?

Golden lanterns at Manana souk.
Correct! Wrong!

17. Where in the world would you be if you were visiting the autonomous territory of the Åland Islands?

Typical Åland Islands Landscape
Correct! Wrong!

18. Where in the world would you be if you were watching the Mount Yasur volcano erupting on Tanna island?

A spectacular sight, an explosive burst of activity, as viewed from the edge of the rim of Mount Yasur Volcano on Tanna island.
Correct! Wrong!

19. Where in the world would you be if you were visiting the Heydar Aliyev Centre?

Capital Cities Quiz: A masterpiece of architecture, the Zaha Hadid-designed Heydar Aliyev Centre, Baku.
Correct! Wrong!

20. Where in the world would you be if you were viewing Lake Kaindy?

World Countries Quiz: A view of Lake Kaindy.
Correct! Wrong!

Travel Quiz 15: Where in the World
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Transnistria Travel Guide

Lenin Statue in Tiraspol.

Transnistria Travel Guide

Welcome to the taste2travel Transnistria Travel Guide!

 

Date Visited: September 2019

Introduction

Have you ever wanted to visit a country which doesn’t exist? Quirky and fascinating, the unrecognised, breakaway Republic of Transnistria is a destination that’s stuck in the Soviet past.

This self-declared republic occupies a narrow strip of land on the eastern bank of the Dniester River, although the international community recognise the land as part of the Republic of Moldova. Transnistria has been recognised only by three other, mostly non-recognised, states: Abkhazia, Artsakh, and South Ossetia (see the following section for more on these breakaway states).

A Soviet-era tractor working on the main street of Tiraspol.

A Soviet-era tractor working on the main street of Tiraspol.

The capital, Tiraspol, is full of soviet-era relics; its residents live in drab, soviet-era apartment blocks, Lada’s cruise the streets (although modern SUVs are becoming more popular), well-tended flower beds line the main street, which is named after the Russian revolution of 1917. The town hall is housed inside the ‘House of Soviets’, Lenin statues can be found in a couple of prominent locations while a tank statue serves as a reminder of battles fought. All signage is in Cyrillic, everyone speaks Russian, with almost no one speaking English.

'I Love Tiraspol' in Cyrillic.

‘I Love Tiraspol’ in Cyrillic.

Transnistria is truly idiosyncratic, a place that has never stopped living the Soviet dream. If it cannot be independent, then it would rather join into a union with Russia. While Moldova sees its future in the west, as part of the Europe Union, Transnistria is looking east to Russia. This breakaway republic is a charming, off-beat, fascinating and engaging destination which should be on anyone’s itinerary.

Soviet symbols can be found everywhere in Transnistria.

Soviet symbols can be found everywhere in Transnistria.

Community for Democracy and Rights of Nations

What does a breakaway republic do when the international community refuses to recognise it? It forms an organisation with other (non-recognised) breakaway republics.

The Community for Democracy and Rights of Nations, also commonly known as the Commonwealth of Unrecognised States, is an international organisation uniting four unrecognised states, all of whom were formerly part of the Soviet Union.

The members of the organisation are:

  • Abkhazia (Administrative centre: Sukhumi)
  • Artsakh (Administrative centre: Stepanakert)
  • South Ossetia (Administrative centre: Tskhinvali)
  • Transnistria (Administrative centre: Tiraspol)

Location

Transnistria Travel Guide: A regional map showing the thin slither of territory which is the breakaway 'Republic of Transnistria'.

A regional map showing the thin slither of territory which is the breakaway ‘Republic of Transnistria’.
Source: Wikipedia

Transnistria is a landlocked state which borders the Republic of Moldova to the west and Ukraine to the east. All of the territory of Transnistria lies to the east of the Dniester river, except for the district of Bender, which lies on the west bank of the river.

Tourism

Tiraspol Tourist Information Centre

The wonderful Tatyana, from the Tiraspol Tourist Information centre, presenting me with a map of the city.

The wonderful Tatyana, from the Tiraspol Tourist Information centre, presenting me with a map of the city.

Located at #135 Strada Sovietic, in downtown Tiraspol, the territory’s only Tourist Information Centre is staffed by a small, English-speaking, team of enthusiastic and helpful staff who are keen to promote the attractions of Transnistria. The centre is open every day, from 09:30 to 18:30, except Sundays.

The Tiraspol Tourist Information Centre is located around the corner from the City Hall.

The Tiraspol Tourist Information Centre is located around the corner from the City Hall.

Apart from providing advice, the centre also stocks a good selection of Transnistria souvenirs.

Transnistria magnets on sale at the Tourist Information centre.

Transnistria magnets on sale at the Tourist Information centre.

Walking Tours

One of Anton's sketches, which is featured on his Facebook page.

One of Anton’s sketches, which is featured on his Facebook page.

If you wish to discover sights beyond the regular tourist trail, you should join the enthusiastic and energetic Anton Dendemarchenko on one of his free walking tours. Anton, who is a local, English-speaking guide, describes himself as an urban sketcher and sightseeing hunter. He has sketched most of the sights of Tiraspol and sells his work as postcards, which make for great souvenirs.

Most guides working in Transnistria are actually from Chisinau. These guides travel each day from Moldova’s capital, bringing bus-loads of day tripping tourists, returning back to Chisinau in the evening.

Anton however, is a real local and has explored every nook and cranny of Transnistria, which allows him to show visitors the hidden gems of the territory. Apart from being an informative guide, Anton is also very witty and funny!

If you want to do something memorable while in Transnistria, then Anton is your man! You can contact him at:

Virtual Walking Tours

If you’re currently unable to travel to Transnistria, you can whet your appetite by joining Anton on one of his virtual walking tours which are highly engaging! You can make enquiries and bookings via Anton’s TripAdvisor page.

How Long in Transnistria?

How long should you spend in Transnistria?

Almost all visitors visit Tiraspol and Bender on a day-trip from Chisinau, which is unfortunate as this peculiar breakaway republic is an engaging destination which warrants more than a day-trip (which is more like a half day-trip once you account for travel times from Chisinau).

I stayed for two days and one night in Tiraspol but this also wasn’t enough. If I had my time again, I would stay for three days and two nights – there is quite a bit to see and do.

Anton (mentioned above in ‘Walking Tours‘) can easily fill a full day taking you to some of the lesser-known, off-beat sights which are located outside of Tiraspol. The capital has enough sights to warrant a full day, then there’s Bender, with its amazing fortress. I was happy spending time sitting in the various cafes along the main street of Tiraspol, watching the world go by, in this city which is still firmly stuck in the Soviet past.

Transnistria is weird, strange, unconventional and charming, it’s a pleasure to visit and shouldn’t be rushed. Then there’s the Sturgeon farm! Caviar anyone?

A Brief History

The Dniester river, which forms the border between Transnistria and Moldova, flowing through Tiraspol.

The Dniester river, which forms the border between Transnistria and Moldova, flowing through Tiraspol.

I’m including this section to provide some background history on Transnistria to allow for a better understanding of why the territory has tried to go its own way since Moldova declared its independence.

Historically, the land occupied by current day Moldova, from the Prut river in the west, to the Dniester river in the east, was part of the Romanian Principality of Moldavia, which has its capital in the Romanian city of Iași. In 1812, during the reign of Tsar Alexander I, the Russian Empire invaded Romania and annexed the land between the Prut and Dniester rivers. This is the land which forms modern day Moldova.

Soviet-era symbols can be found throughout Transnistria.

Soviet-era symbols can be found throughout Transnistria.

Once the Russian Empire was dissolved in 1918, Moldova re-united with other Romanian lands inside Romania. After being occupied by the Soviet Union in 1940, and changing hands in 1941 and 1944 during World War II, Moldova would become part of the USSR and be known as the Moldavian SSR (Soviet Socialist Republic) until 1991.

Transnistria was also included in the Moldavian SSR, and, although the majority of its population are ethnically Russian, things remained peaceful since everyone was part of one country (the Soviet Union), everyone spoke one language (Russian), and everyone used one alphabet (Cyrillic).

Flag of Romania.

Flag of Romania.

However, when the Soviet Union collapsed, Moldova declared its independence on August 27, 1991. At that time, it declared the national language would be changed from Russian to Romanian, the Cyrillic alphabet would be replaced with the Latin alphabet (which is the alphabet normally used by the Moldovan’s) and the national flag would be changed so that it was almost identical to the Romanian flag. Today in Moldova, there are calls from different groups, and politicians, to finally reunite the country with Romania.

Flag of Moldova.

Flag of Moldova.

War of Independence

Looking across from the other side of the Dniester river, the mostly Russian population of Transnistria was concerned that they would become a minority inside Moldova. They didn’t speak Moldovan; they didn’t use the Latin alphabet and they didn’t want to be a part of Romania.

Transnistria decided to declare its independence, a move which saw Moldova respond with force. Due to Russia’s involvement and Moldova’s limited defence capabilities, the War of Independence was short-lived, lasting from 1990 to 1992. A ceasefire was declared on the 21st of July 1992, which has held.

Despite everything, the international community has never recognised Transnistria and considers the territory a part of Moldova. If the world won’t recognise their independence, then the Transnistrian’s would rather join into a union with Russia, although Russia is not rushing to the altar. Currently, stability is assured due to the continued presence of Russian ground forces.

Politics

The coat of arms of Transnistria with the flags of (l-r) Transnistria, Russia and the different districts of Transnistria.

The coat of arms of Transnistria with the flags of (l-r) Transnistria, Russia and the different districts of Transnistria.

It’s not easy being an unrecognised republic. Despite this, the Republic of Transnistria, officially known as the Pridnestrovian Moldavian Republic (PMR) is headed by an elected President, currently – Vadim Krasnoselsky – who serves as the head of state while the Prime Minister is head of government.

A billboard in Tiraspol commemorates 29 years of the Pridnestrovian Moldavian Republic (PMR).

A billboard in Tiraspol commemorates 29 years of the Pridnestrovian Moldavian Republic (PMR).

Transnistria today is an unrecognised republic with its own government, parliament, military, police, postal system, flag, currency and vehicle registration. While the republic is only recognised by the three other breakaway republics, Russia maintains a consulate in Tiraspol, but hasn’t recognised Transnistria as an independent state.

Flag

The reverse side of the flag of Transnistria.

The reverse side of the flag of Transnistria.

The flag of Transnistria is actually the former flag of the Moldavian Soviet Socialist Republic (MSSR), which served as the republic’s flag until the dissolution of the Soviet Union in 1991. When Moldova became independent, it changed its flag to be almost identical with that of neighbouring Romania.

Transnistria refused to fly the new Moldovan flag and continued to fly the flag of the MSSR. Continued use of the flag was popular and so, in 2000, it was officially reintroduced as the flag of Transnistria. The flag features the hammer & sickle, the only flag in Europe to do so. Despite the symbols, Transnistria is not a socialist state!

Philately

This small collection of Transnistrian stamps cost me US$3 from Tiraspol Post Office.

This small collection of Transnistrian stamps cost me US$3 from Tiraspol Post Office.

Since Transnistria is not recognised internationally, its stamps can only be used for domestic post. If someone in Transnistria needs to post something abroad, then Moldovan stamps need to be used. I spent a whole US$3 to acquire a tiny collection of stamps, which I’ll never be able to use, but they are a cool souvenir!

The main post office in Tiraspol.

The main post office in Tiraspol.

If you wish to acquire your own collection of Transnistrian stamps, you will find the helpful staff at the main post office in Tiraspol more than willing to serve you.

As an experiment, you could try sending a postcard to a friend by affixing Moldovan and Transnistrian stamps. I have heard of cases where postal items have been delivered internationally with Transnistrian stamps attached.

Currency

My collection of Transnistrian ruble bank notes which feature an image of Alexander Suvorov, the Russian General who founded Tiraspol.

My collection of Transnistrian ruble bank notes which feature an image of Alexander Suvorov, the Russian General who founded Tiraspol.

The currency of Transnistria is the rouble, which is issued by the Pridnestrovian Republican Bank (PRB). The notes come in denominations of 1-, 5-, 10-, 25-, 50-, 100-, 200 and 500 rubles. Bank notes are printed in Russia by the Goznak company and cannot be exchanged outside of Transnistria. Credit cards are generally not accepted in Transnistria.

The central bank of Transnistria, Pridnestrovian Republican Bank, is headquartered in Tiraspol.

The central bank of Transnistria, Pridnestrovian Republican Bank, is headquartered in Tiraspol.

Exchange Rates

Rouble exchange rates displayed at a bank in Tiraspol.

Rouble exchange rates displayed at a bank in Tiraspol.

The ruble is de facto pegged to the United States dollar. The central bank determines each work day whether or not it is appropriate to devalue the currency against the U.S. dollar.

The World’s Only Plastic Token Currency

The plastic token money of Transnistria.

The plastic token money of Transnistria.

While changing money at the bank one day, the friendly teller ducked off to find something special for me. She returned with a small, blue, plastic token which looked like a playing chip from a casino. This was a 5-ruble plastic bank note/ chip. Amazing! The land of the wacky had just become even wackier! As illustrated above, there are four which you can collect.

From the 'land of the quirky' comes the plastic 5 rouble token and the equivalent paper bank note.

From the ‘land of the quirky’ comes the plastic 5 rouble token and the equivalent paper bank note.

Costs

Transnistria is a travel bargain! Accommodation options include only ‘budget’ and ‘top end’, however top end options are priced as mid-range options. Food, drinks and transportation costs are very reasonable.

Sample costs: 

  • Coca Cola (0.33 litre bottle): 11 rubles (US$0.68)
  • Water (0.33 litre bottle): 7.6 rubles (US$0.47)
  • Local Beer (0.5 litre from Bender Brewery): 25 rubles (US$1.50)
  • Cappuccino: 18 rubles (US$1.10)
  • Bus Ticket (in Tiraspol): 2 rubles (US$0.14)
  • Litre of fuel: 16 rubles (US$1.00)
  • Meal (inexpensive restaurant): 80 rubles (US$5.00)
  • Dorm bed in a budget hostel (Like Home Hostel in Tiraspol): 180 rubles (US$11)
  • Room in a top-end hotel (Hotel Russia in Tiraspol): 1000 rubles (US$62)

Phone Services

Don’t expect your Moldovan, or international, SIM to work in Transnistria. I was using a SIM card from Orange (Moldova), which stopped working once I crossed the border. The only hope of connecting to the internet is through your hotel or one of the cafes or restaurants in Tiraspol.

People

Most residents of Tiraspol still live in drab, Soviet-era apartments, some of which are undergoing cosmetic renovation.

Most residents of Tiraspol still live in drab, Soviet-era apartments, some of which are undergoing cosmetic renovation.

The authorities in Transnistria conducted a census in 2015, which counted a total population of 475,665, which was a 14% decrease from the previous census (conducted in 2004). Of the population, the largest ethnic groups were:

  • 161,300 Russians (34%)
  • 156,600 Moldovans (33%)
  • 126,700 Ukrainians (26.7%)
A billboard in Tiraspol.

A billboard in Tiraspol.

Russian is spoken by everyone and English (or any other foreign language) is spoken by almost no one. The minute you cross the border from Moldova to Transnistria, all signage changes to Cyrillic. I stayed at the best hotel in town, the Hotel Russia, where only the reception staff were able to communicate in English. There are some English speakers working in the cafes and restaurants in Tiraspol.

Compared to their Moldovan neighbours, I found the people of Transnistria to be very reserved and not particularly friendly. They seemed very stern and serious, rarely smiled or made eye contact. There were a few exceptions – but only a few!

The Transnistrian passport is not recognised by other countries and hence cannot be used for international travel.

The Transnistrian passport is not recognised by other countries and hence cannot be used for international travel.

While the residents of Transnistria are issued with passports, these are not recognised by the intentional community and therefore, not valid for international travel. Almost all Transnistrian’s have a second passport, which is either Russian, Ukrainian or Moldovan, depending on their heritage.

Economy

Why the continuous population decline? It’s all about the economy – or the lack of economic opportunities!

After visiting Transnistria, I travelled to Odessa, Ukraine where I met many Transnistrian’s (of Ukrainian decent) who had relocated to Odessa to find employment. While the economy remains dysfunctional in Transnistria, the population decline will continue as people look for work elsewhere. Despite the issues between Moldova and Transnistria, many Transnistrian’s live and work in Chisinau.

The economy of Transnistria is a peculiar combination of the command-and-distribution model inherited from the USSR with elements of a free-market economy which is heavily dependent on Russian energy and financial subsidies. The main pillars of the region’s economy are several large industrial plants – a power plant, steel works, cement works and a textile factory. These were built in the Soviet era and generate more than half of the territory’s GDP (in 2012, Transnistria’s GDP reached around US$1 billion).

The government maintains a permanent deficit, one which has been continuously increasing since 2008. The major sources of income in Transnistria’s economy are from exports and cash remittances from expatriate workers.

Sightseeing

This ageing peace (Frieden) sign adorns the side of an apartment block on the road from Tiraspol to Bender.

This ageing peace (Frieden) sign adorns the side of an apartment block on the road from Tiraspol to Bender.

While sightseeing in Transnistria, you should always keep an eye open for hidden Soviet-era treasures. Non-descript buildings, in the most unremarkable locations, often feature beautiful Soviet artwork.

An incredible 'CCCP Worker' stone mosaic on the wall of a factory in a quiet backstreet in Bender.

An incredible ‘CCCP Worker’ stone mosaic on the wall of a factory in a quiet backstreet in Bender.

While trying to find my way to Bender Fortress, I drove down a backstreet of an industrial estate which seemed all but abandoned. At the end of the street, in the middle of nowhere, I came upon a factory whose exterior wall was adorned with the most impressive stone mosaic of a worker holding a ‘CCCP’ (USSR in Russian) pentagon in his right hand.

An unremarkable factory in a quiet back street of Bender, which features two impressive works of Soviet-era industrial art.

An unremarkable factory in a quiet back street of Bender, which features two impressive works of Soviet-era industrial art.

Tiraspol

A map of Tiraspol which was provided by the Hotel Russia.

A map of Tiraspol which was provided by the Hotel Russia.

The capital, and largest city of Transnistria, Tiraspol was founded by the Russian General Alexander Suvurov. The city has a handful of sights, all of which can be visited on a leisurely walking tour. If you wish to have a knowledgeable local show you the sights, and provide a dose of humour along the way, I suggest you organise a tour with Anton Dendemarchenko (refer to the ‘Walking Tours‘ section above for more details).

The real charm of Tiraspol comes from it being a city which is in the 21st century, but also stuck in the Soviet past. While the sights are interesting, there’s much more to Tiraspol, which is revealed to those curious enough to scratch below the surface.

The main street of Tiraspol, 25th of October street, is lined with planter boxes full of colourful flowers.

The main street of Tiraspol, 25th of October street, is lined with planter boxes full of colourful flowers.

Most sights in Tiraspol are strung out along the main street, 25th of October street, which is named after the date of the Russian revolution which saw Lenin sweep into power in 1917.

House of Soviets

The Dom Sovetov (House of Soviets), serves as the Tiraspol City Hall and is fronted by a bust of Lenin.

The Dom Sovetov (House of Soviets), serves as the Tiraspol City Hall and is fronted by a bust of Lenin.

Located in the heart of downtown Tiraspol, the strikingly beautiful, Stalin-era, Dom Sovetov (House of Soviets), serves as the Tiraspol City Hall. The building, which is fronted by a bust of an angry-looking Lenin, is not open to visitors and technically, as a government building, should not be photographed, but every tourist in town stops to photograph it. From the Hotel Russia, the City Hall is a short 100-metre walk.

Lenin Statue

This cloaked statue of Lenin greets all visitors arriving in Tiraspol.

This cloaked statue of Lenin greets all visitors arriving in Tiraspol.

As you drive into Tiraspol, it’s impossible to miss the large Lenin statue which looms over the main street. The cloaked statue fronts the Presidential Palace, the seat of Transdniester’s government, and serves as a striking ‘welcome’ to this most Soviet of cities.

War Memorial Park

The Tank-34 monument, which features a WWII-era Soviet armoured tank.

The Tank-34 monument, which features a WWII-era Soviet armoured tank.

Across the road from the Presidential Palace, the War Memorial park features one of the best photo ops in town, the Tank-34 monument. The tank was used during WWII, but sadly, the crew was killed in a battle near Budapest, Hungary. It stands as a memorial to those who lost their lives in WWII.

The flame of the unknown soldier in the War Memorial park.

The flame of the unknown soldier in the War Memorial park.

The centrepiece of the War Memorial park, the Tomb of the Unknown Soldier is flanked by an eternal flame, which honours those who died on 3 March 1992, during the first outbreak of fighting in the War of Independence.

A memorial to the War of Independence in Tiraspol.

A memorial to the War of Independence in Tiraspol.

At the western end of the park, against the wall of the History Museum, a memorial is dedicated to those who lost their lives during the War of Independence.

Tiraspol National History Museum

One of many rooms of exhibits at the Tiraspol National History Museum.

One of many rooms of exhibits at the Tiraspol National History Museum.

If you wish to gain a better understanding of Transnistria, the Tiraspol National History Museum features many rooms of exhibits which cover all periods of the territory’s history, from 19th-century Tiraspol, to the Soviet period, the Great Patriotic War (WWII) and finishing with the War of Independence in 1992.

Russian soldiers and weaponry, arriving in Transnistria, to support local militia, during the War of Independence against Moldova.

Russian soldiers and weaponry, arriving in Transnistria, to support local militia, during the War of Independence against Moldova.

A room dedicated to the War of Independence, pays homage to the close relationship enjoyed with Russia. Locals told me that the territory owes its peace (and existence) to the continuous support of Russia, which includes the presence of Russian troops. Putin is popular in these parts!

A display at the Tiraspol National History Museum shows appreciation for Russia and, a very cool looking Putin.

A display at the Tiraspol National History Museum shows appreciation for Russia and, a very cool looking Putin.

Apart from historical displays, the museum also serves as an art gallery of sorts, and includes a hallway lined with paintings from local artists.

A hallway at the museum is lined with paintings from local artists.

A hallway at the museum is lined with paintings from local artists.

Monument to Suvorov

The monument to Suvorov in Tiraspol, with the flags of (l-r) Abkhazia, South Ossetia and the Republic of Artsakh.

The monument to Suvorov in Tiraspol, with the flags of (l-r) Abkhazia, South Ossetia and the Republic of Artsakh.

Commanding attention in the middle of Suvorov Square is the equestrian statue of Suvorov, a great Russian Military Commander, who founded the city of Tiraspol in 1792. The flags of the other three breakaway republics can be seen, fluttering away, in the background of this photo.

Church of the Nativity

A recent addition to the city, the Russian-orthodox 'Church of the Nativity' was completed in 1999.

A recent addition to the city, the Russian-orthodox ‘Church of the Nativity’ was completed in 1999.

Located behind Suvorov Square, the Church of the Nativity is also known as the Cathedral of the Birth of Christ. Completed in 1999, this beautiful, Russian-Orthodox, church is the largest and newest church in Tiraspol. Located next to the central market, it’s easy to find thanks to its sparkling, golden, onion-shaped domes.

Dniester River Promenade

The promenade along the Dniester river is a great place to mingle with locals and watch the sunset.

The promenade along the Dniester river is a great place to mingle with locals and watch the sunset.

Across the road from Suvorov Square, the sleepy promenade along the Dniester river is especially popular with locals in the late afternoon and is the best place to watch the sunset.

Sunset on the Dniester River in Tiraspol.

Sunset on the Dniester River in Tiraspol.

KVINT Wine & Cognac Distillery

The headquarters of the Kvint distillery is featured on the back of the 5-ruble note.

The headquarters of the Kvint distillery is featured on the back of the 5-ruble bank note.

Where else in the world would the headquarters of a distillery be featured on the national currency? Transnistria of course! The 120-year old Kvint Winery and Distillery started life as a distiller of vodka. Today it’s famous for its wines and cognac.

The shop at the Kvint Winery and Distillery.

The shop at the Kvint Winery and Distillery.

At its downtown headquarters, the company offers wine and spirit tastings, tours and an on-site shop sells the full range of their award-winning products.

Bender

Located on the opposite bank of the Dniester river, and the only part of Transnistria which is not east of the river, the City of Bender, is not part of the territorial unit of Transnistria (as defined by the Moldovan central authorities), but it is controlled by the PMR authorities, which consider it part of PMR’s administrative organisation.

The entrance to Bender Fortress.

The entrance to Bender Fortress.

Bender occupies a strategic location on a ‘bend’ in the Dniester river. The city was first mentioned in documents dating back to 1408, when it was known as Tighina.

Bender was historically part of the Principality of Moldavia and was once part of Romania. In 1538, the Ottomans took control of Tighina, renaming it Bender. During their rule, the fortress was modernised and expanded. In 1812, the Russians defeated the Ottomans, taking control of Bender. Today, it’s part of Transnistria with Russian troops guarding the bridge which crosses the Dniester river alongside the famous fortress.

A view of the Ramparts of Bender Fortress.

A view of the Ramparts of Bender Fortress.

For many years, the fortress was closed as it’s home to a military barracks and is considered a military installation. Today it’s open (every day from 9 am to 6 pm) to visitors and is the most impressive sight in Transnistria.

The ‘Iron Maiden’ torture device.

Apart from walking along the impressive ramparts, there are two museums to explore; one which documents the long history of the fort and another which shows lots of gruesome torture devices.

Among the devices, the ‘Iron Maiden’ is a wooden closet loaded with strategically placed spikes. The victim would be placed inside, the doors closed, at which point the spikes would pierce the body – but not the vital organs. The victim would be left to die a slow, painful death. Then there’s the less-than-comfortable ‘Interrogation Chair’.

The 'Interrogation Chair'. Ouch!

The ‘Interrogation Chair’. Ouch!

Accommodation

The centrally located, Hotel Russia, is the best hotel in Tiraspol, and very affordable at USD$60 per night.

The centrally located, Hotel Russia, is the best hotel in Tiraspol, and very affordable at USD$60 per night.

While in Tiraspol, I stayed at the Hotel Russia, which seems fitting when in a republic which dreams of being a part of Russia! The staff at the Hotel Russia speak – Russian, with just the reception staff able to communicate in English.

The Russian theme extends to the cable TV offering, with a selection of – yes – Russian channels! The only English-language channel was the RT (Russia Today) English broadcast, which provides a constant stream of, state-sponsored, propaganda.

My room at the Hotel Russia in Tiraspol.

My room at the Hotel Russia in Tiraspol.

As can be expected from the Hotel Russia, their website offers one language option – Russian! Rooms can be booked through Hotel.com or Booking.com.

Eating Out

An ornate coffee vending machine in Tiraspol.

An ornate coffee vending machine in Tiraspol.

Restaurants

There are a handful of restaurants in downtown Tiraspol which offer Moldovan, Italian, Japanese cuisine and more.

If you’ve appreciated Andy’s Pizza in Chisinau, you’ll be happy to know that there’s a branch in Tiraspol on the main street at 25th October St #72.

Cafés

The beautifully-designed interior of Casta which is a wonderful cafe/ restaurant, located on the main street of Tiraspol.

The beautifully-designed interior of Casta which is a wonderful cafe/ restaurant, located on the main street of Tiraspol.

A few coffee shops can be found along the main street of Tiraspol. One of my favourites is the beautifully-designed Casta (website only in Russian), which offers a menu of international food, cocktails, great coffee, cakes and so much more. It’s located opposite the Central Bank on the main street at – 25th of October street #92.

Bars

One of the local beers which is brewed by the Bender Brewing company.

One of the local beers which is brewed by the Bender Brewing company.

Despite the fact that Transnistria produces its fair share of alcohol, there are surprisingly few bars in Tiraspol. However, most restaurants serve alcohol which gives visitors an opportunity to sample the beers produced by the Bender Brewing company and the wines and cognac produced by the Kvint distillery.

Visa Requirements

My Transnistria 'Migration Card'.

My Transnistria ‘Migration Card’.

Transnistria does not require foreign visitors to obtain a visa; you can stay for up to 45 days without a residence permit. However, you will be issued a Migration Card based on the amount of time you require for your stay.

No stamps are entered into your passport when passing from Moldova to Transnistria. The Moldovan’s consider the territory to be a part of Moldova, so why would they stamp your passport? On the Moldovan side, the ‘border’ consists of a police check, although the police did not stop me.

On the Transnistrian side, the border is much more serious, with stern looking guards ensuring you don’t take photos. I entered the territory at the land border on the highway from Chisinau, which is the border almost all other visitors use to enter the territory. Here, you need to enter an office, present your passport, which is scanned and advise how long you will be staying. You will then be issued with a Migration Card which states how long you can remain in the territory. You need to keep this with you at all times! There are no passport stamps issued in Transnistria! 

Carnet de Passage

All vehicles entering Transnistria are required to purchase a 'Carnet de Passage'.

All vehicles entering Transnistria are required to purchase a ‘Carnet de Passage’.

If you’re entering Transnistria in a rental car, you will be required to purchase a Carnet de Passage which cost me 58 rubles for one week (also payable in other currencies). This is purchased from the customs office which is located inside a separate building.

Getting There

Distances to other cities from Tiraspol.

Distances to other cities from Tiraspol.

Air

Tiraspol airport, which has only ever served as a military air base, is currently closed, but the separatist administration wants it reopened in order to help boost economic growth. Since flights will have to pass through Moldovan air space, clearance is required from the Moldovan authorities, who, naturally, are not willing to give it.

Moldova

The nearest airport to Tiraspol is Chișinău International Airport (IATA: KIV) in Moldova, which is 54 km from Tiraspol. Chisinau International Airport serves as the base for Air Moldova.

The following airlines provide scheduled flights to/ from Chisinau:

  • Aeroflot – flies to/from Moscow–Sheremetyevo
  • Air Moldova– flies to/from Barcelona, Beauvais, Beirut, Bologna, Dublin, Frankfurt, Geneva, Istanbul, Krasnodar, Larnaca, Lisbon, London–Stansted, Madrid, Milan–Malpensa, Moscow–Domodedovo, Nice, Rome–Fiumicino, Saint Petersburg, Tel Aviv, Thessaloniki, Turin, Venice, Verona, Vienna
  • Austrian Airlines – flies to/from Vienna
  • Belavia – flies to/from Minsk
  • FlyOne – flies to/from Dublin, London–Southend, Moscow–Vnukovo, Paris–Charles de Gaulle, Parma, Verona
  • LOT Polish Airlines – flies to/from Warsaw–Chopin
  • Lufthansa – flies to/from Frankfurt
  • TAROM – flies to/from Bucharest
  • Turkish Airlines – flies to/from Istanbul
  • Ukraine International Airlines – flies to/from Kiev–Boryspil
  • Wizz Air – flies to/from Barcelona, Beauvais, Bergamo, Berlin–Schönefeld, Bologna, Charleroi, Doncaster/Sheffield, Dortmund, Friedrichshafen, Larnaca, London–Luton, Memmingen, Prague, Rome–Ciampino, Rome–Fiumicino, Treviso, Turin, Verona, Vienna

Ukraine

Located in Ukraine, Odessa International Airport (IATA: ODS) is 103 km from Tiraspol.

The following airlines provide scheduled flights to/ from Odessa:

  • AtlasGlobal Ukraine – flies to/from Istanbul
  • Austrian Airlines – flies to/from Vienna
  • Belavia – flies to/from Minsk
  • Bulgaria Air – flies to/from Sofia
  • Buta Airways – flies to/from Baku
  • flydubai – flies to/from Dubai–International
  • LOT Polish Airlines – flies to/from Warsaw–Chopin
  • Motor Sich Airlines – flies to/from Kiev-Zhuliany
  • Onur Air – flies to/from Istanbul
  • Ryanair – flies to/from Berlin–Tegel, Budapest, Gdańsk, Katowice, Kraków, Poznan, Wrocław
  • TAROM – flies to/from Bucharest
  • Turkish Airlines – flies to/from Istanbul
  • Ukraine International Airlines – flies to/from Istanbul, Kiev–Boryspil, Tel Aviv
  • Wizz Air – flies to/from Berlin-Schönefeld, Bratislava, Budapest, Gdańsk, Katowice, Wrocław

Road

Moldova

From Chisinau to Tiraspol: There are bus and maxi-taxi services from Chisinau (2 hr 20 min, 36.50 Moldovan lei) every 30 minutes through most of the day. Buses leave from the northeast corner of the Chisinau Autogara.

Rail

I rode 3rd class on the train from Chișinău to Odessa which was pleasant and comfortable.

I rode 3rd class on the train from Chișinău to Odessa which was pleasant and comfortable.

Chisinau – Tiraspol – Odessa

A thrice weekly (Friday, Saturday and Sunday) train connects Chisinau to Tiraspol and Odessa, departing Chisinau at 07:09, arriving in Tiraspol at 09:20 then terminating in Odessa at 10:45. Tickets can be booked either online or at the main station.

Prices (Chisinau to Odessa) are:

  • 1st class: 167.20 Moldovan lei
  • 2nd class: 159.10 Moldovan lei
  • 3rd class: 151.40 Moldovan lei

Getting Around

An ornate street sign in Tiraspol at the intersection of Lenin street and 25th of October street.

An ornate street sign in Tiraspol at the intersection of Lenin street and 25th of October street.

Public Transport

Soviet-era buses connect to most points in Tiraspol and Bender.

Soviet-era buses connect to most points in Tiraspol and Bender.

A comprehensive network of trolley buses, regular buses and mini buses (Marshrutka in Russian) allow commuters to reach all parts of Tiraspol and Bender – and at just 2 rubles (US$0.14) a ride, they are a bargain!

Taxi

While taxis are freely available in Tiraspol, the city is very compact and easily covered on foot. I didn’t take any taxis while in Transnistria.

Rental Car

The license plate of Transnistria features the flag and also indicates which district the car is from, with 'T' representing Tiraspol.

The license plate of Transnistria features the flag and also indicates which district the car is from, with ‘T’ representing Tiraspol.

The rental car industry in Transnistria is in its infancy, with just one rental company in Tiraspol – IOOO” Rent a Car. As can be expected, their website offers one language option – Russian! I drove a rental car from Chisinau, which cost me US$30 per day.


That’s the end of my Transnistria Travel Guide.

Safe Travels!

Darren


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Transnistria Travel Guide

Saudi Arabia Tourist e-Visa

The flag of Saudi Arabia.

Saudi Arabia eVisa Portal.

Introduction

As announced in the Saudi Gazette, and elsewhere, the Saudi Arabia tourist e-Visa is available as of the 28th of September for eligible nationalities. The visa will be issued in just 7 minutes! What was previously the most difficult country to visit is now one of the easiest. This post describes the e-Visa application process.

What’s there to see and do in Saudi Arabia? The official Visit Saudi website provides lots of slick images and videos to whet your appetite for a trip to this once reclusive Kingdom.

With a land area of 2.15 million km², Saudia Arabia is the 12th largest country in the world.

With a land area of 2.15 million km², Saudia Arabia is the 12th largest country in the world.
Source: www.worldatlas.com


Breaking News (10/1/2019): Saudi Arabia Opening the Door to More Tourists

Saudi Arabia eVisa update. Source: Visit Saudi website.

Saudi Arabia eVisa update.
Source: Visit Saudi website.

On the 10th of January 2020, the Saudi Commission for Tourism & National Heritage (SCTH) announced that visitors can now use existing UK, US, and Schengen-area country visas to obtain a Saudi Arabia visitor visa at airport arrival halls – regardless of their citizenship.

‏Visitors intending to benefit from the new regulation must have previously used the visa to travel to any one of the listed Schengen countries, the UK or the US before entering Saudi Arabia.

As per the announcement: “Recipients of tourist or commercial visas to these countries can now enter the Kingdom and receive the tourist visa only through the visa upon arrival method and are not included in the e-visa”. 


The flag of Saudi Arabia.

The flag of Saudi Arabia.

e-Visa Application Process

The following steps explain how to apply for a Saudi e-Visa.

Visa Type

How long does the Saudi Arabian tourist visa allow? Each visitor visa grants one year of validity for multiple entries, with stays up to 3 months at a time.

Pre-Requisites

In order to complete the visa process, you will need the following:

  • One electronic passport photo.
  • A credit card for making payment.
  • Two email addresses; a main one (used for the application process) and an alternate email (never used and not sure why this is required).
  • A phone number (never used during the process).
  • An entry and exit date to/ from Saudi Arabia (although your visa will simply be valid for multiple entries, within one year of the date of issue).
  • Details of hotel reservation (although this is clearly not checked as my visa was issued in 30 minutes).

Considerations

I first tried using the e-Visa portal on my iPad and iPhone using the Safari browser. I had issues obtaining the ‘Verification Code’ which is emailed to you as part of the account setup process. After many attempts, I never received a code.

I contacted portal support, using the ‘Contact’ option at the bottom of the portal, and was advised to try logging in using a different browser. I logged in from my laptop using Google Chrome and received the code on the first attempt.

It’s best not to use the Safari browser when using the portal.

Application Process

The following steps should be followed to apply for a Saudi e-Visa:

Step 1: Navigate to the Visit Saudi Visa website. Click on the ‘Apply Now‘ button and create an e-Visa account.

As part of the registration process, you will be emailed an ‘Activation Link‘ then, once you have activated your account, you will need to request a ‘Verification Code‘ which will also be emailed to you. Once you’ve entered this code, you’re ready to complete the application process. The six steps took me 10 minutes to complete.

Note: All emails from the application process were delivered to my ‘Junk’ folder!

The steps of the Saudi e-Visa process.

The steps of the Saudi e-Visa process.

Step 2: Complete the ‘Personal Information’ section.

Step 3: Complete the ‘Passport/ Traveller’ section. You will be required to upload an electronic passport photo and provide travel dates and hotel reservation details.

Hint: When entering your ‘Date of Birth‘, on the less-than-intuitive calendar, instead of clicking hundreds of times on the back arrow of the monthly view, you can simply click on the ‘year‘ value, which is located at the top/ centre of the calendar, to change the format of the calendar to a yearly view. There’s nothing on the calendar to suggest you can do this, but it does save a lot of time. You can then click the back arrow and scroll back through each year, rather than each month. Much faster!

Step 4: Complete the ‘Medical Insurance’ section. As part of the process, it is mandatory that you purchase Saudi Medical Insurance. There is a tick box at the bottom of the screen where you agree to purchase insurance. I was charged SAR 133 (USD$35) for my policy, with the policy being emailed to me separately.

Step 5: On the next screen, you need to read and agree to the ‘Terms and Conditions’. This section explains what is socially acceptable in Saudi Arabia.

Step 6: On the penultimate step, you need to review your application. Once happy, it’s time to make the payment!

Step 7: On the ‘Payment’ step, a breakdown of the cost of your visa will be displayed along with payment options; MasterCard, Visa, American Express or UnionPay.

My 12 month multiple entry visa cost me SAR 463.44 (USD$123).

Breakdown of Saudi Arabia eVisa costs.

Breakdown of Saudi Arabia eVisa costs.

Step 8: Once payment has been made, you will be taken to a dashboard where you can monitor the progress of your application. My visa was emailed to me within minutes of me completing the application.

My eVisa for Saudi Arabia, one of the first tourists to visit the Kingdom under the new process.

My eVisa for Saudi Arabia, one of the first tourists to visit the Kingdom under the new process.

 


That’s the end to my Saudi Arabia e-Visa Guide.

Safe Travels to KSA!

Darren


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Azerbaijan Travel Guide

Capital Cities Quiz: A masterpiece of architecture, the Zaha Hadid-designed Heydar Aliyev Centre, Baku.

Azerbaijan Travel Guide

Welcome to the taste2travel Azerbaijan Travel Guide!

Date Visited: August 2019

Introduction

Located on the shores of the Caspian Sea, at the crosswords of Europe and Asia, the Land of Fire is a country of many contradictions and contrasts.

Neither Europe nor Asia, Azerbaijan is a country of two halves – “the have’s and the have not’s”. While the capital, Baku, offers all the facilities and services you’d expect to find in any cosmopolitan, international city – life in the countryside remains largely unchanged from the slumbering Soviet era.

The lights of Baku Bay - on a slow exposure!

The lights of Baku Bay – on a slow exposure!

Apart from a brief period of independence in the early 20th century, Azerbaijan spent most of the last 100 years hidden away behind the iron curtain, a composite part of the former Soviet Union. After years of unrest in the outlying republics, the Soviet Union was finally dissolved in 1990. Azerbaijan declared Independence the following year in August of 1991.

Shebeki Window Pane, Sheki, Azerbaijan.

A fine example of the craft of ‘Shebeki’, a window pane made of coloured glass and wood, all held together without nails or glue.

Despite being independent, the country remained closed off to the world and very difficult to access. I first tried to visit in 1995, but the visa process was very cumbersome and seemed designed to dissuade visitors. However, in January of 2017, the government, in a bid to increase revenue from tourism, relaxed its visa requirements, allowing 95 nationalities to apply for an e-Visa (see the ‘Visa Requirements‘ section below for more on this).

Today, the country is firmly open and tourists are coming, however the hordes have yet to arrive. As a majority Muslim nation (97%), Azerbaijan is a favoured destination for visitors from the Middle East, most of whom spend their time in Baku shopping, sightseeing and dining. If you escape into the countryside, you’ll often have sights to yourself.

Turshu lavash is a popular snack made from fruits which are cooked into a liquid form, then laid out like pancakes and sun-dried.

Very colourful Turshu Lavash – a popular snack made from fruits which are cooked into a liquid form, then laid out like pancakes and sun-dried.

In order to raise its international profile, the country hosts a Formula-1 race each year, the Azerbaijan Grand Prix, it recently hosted the 2019 UEFA Europa League Final and, in 2012, it hosted the Euro-vision song contest.

As a destination, Baku has plenty to offer and most visitors to Azerbaijan never leave the capital, apart from a short half-day trip to see the nearby petroglyphs at Gobustan or the mud volcanoes.

Azerbaijan Travel Guide: Funky artwork and the amazing Zaha Hadid-designed Heydar Aliyev Centre in Baku.

Funky artwork and the amazing Zaha Hadid-designed Heydar Aliyev Centre in Baku.

The city has a medieval Islamic core, which is a UNESCO World Heritage site, surrounded by lavish late 19th and early 20th-century European style buildings which grace wide, tree-lined boulevards. These building were built, in the pre-Soviet days, by wealthy landowners who imported whole teams of architects and designers from Paris, and other European cities, to design and build the most ornate residences. Many streets in Baku look like they have been transplanted from Paris. In between these architectural gems, you’ll find equally ornate mosques and other oriental influences.

Azerbaijan Travel Guide: Azerbaijan Carpet Museum.

In November 2010 the Azerbaijani carpet was proclaimed a Masterpiece of Intangible Heritage by UNESCO.

Being an oil producing nation, the country generates significant revenue (about USD$13 billion per year) from oil exports. Much of this has been used to modernise and transform the landscape of Baku, with lots of glitzy show-piece projects à la Dubai. If you spend time driving in Azerbaijan, you’ll realise that all roads lead to Baku, which is a perfect metaphor for the country – it’s all about Baku!

"Nodding Donkey" oil pumps on the outskirts of Baku.

“Nodding Donkey” oil pumps on the outskirts of Baku.

If you wish to visit Azerbaijan, now is the time! This once-slumbering country is awake, and on the move, the bargain-value hotels and restaurants are ready to serve and it won’t be long before the hordes discover this gem on the Caspian.

Republic of Artsakh

A map showing the occupied territory of Nagorno-Karabakh. Source: Wikipedia

A map showing the occupied territory of Nagorno-Karabakh. Source: Wikipedia

As the Soviet Union began to unravel in the mid 1980’s, Azerbaijan entered into a messy and protracted war with neighbouring Armenia over the enclave of Nagorno-Karabakh, a territory of Azerbaijan whose population was mostly ethnic Armenians. The war raged until 1994 at which point Armenia had gained full control of the territory and had expelled the minority Azerbaijani population.

Today, the Republic of Artsakh, as it is known, is unrecognised by most nations, who consider it a part of Azerbaijan. Currently, all borders between Azerbaijan and Armenia / Artsakh are firmly closed.

When entering Azerbaijan, it’s NOT a problem to have Armenian immigration stamps in your passport, but it IS a problem to have Artsakh immigration stamps and you will be denied entry into Azerbaijan. Armenian passport holders are barred from entering Azerbaijan.

Location

Baku, Azerbaijan

Along with Georgia and Armenia, Azerbaijan is one of three countries which comprise the Caucasus region, a region which is situated between the Black sea and the Caspian Sea.

Azerbaijan shares land borders with Turkey, Russia, Iran, Armenia and Georgia. The Caspian Sea forms the entire eastern border of the country.

Nakhchivan

The small Azerbaijani enclave of Nakhchivan is separated from the rest of the country by Armenia. The only way to access Nakhchivan, from Azerbaijan proper, is via one of the regular flights from Baku airport. By land, it’s possible to enter Nakhchivan from Turkey or Iran.

The capital of Azerbaijan, Baku, is situated on the wide Baku Bay.

The capital of Azerbaijan, Baku, is situated on the wide Baku Bay.

People

The Azerbaijani diaspora is considerable with large populations living around the world (e.g. an estimated 400,000 live in the United States). Within Azerbaijan, the population is around 10 million, however the largest population (13 million) live south of the border in northern Iran with Azerbaijani’s comprising 25% of Tehran’s population.

The reason so many Azerbaijani’s live in Iran is due to recent history, which saw Russia and Iran divide the former, much larger, territory of Azerbaijan between them, with Russia claiming the northern half and Iran the southern half. The Russian claim included the rich oil fields around Baku, a resource which would be crucial for the Soviet Union. When the Soviet Union collapsed, the northern half claimed independence, while the southern half remains under the control of Iran.

Flag

The flag of Azerbaijan.

The flag of Azerbaijan.

The flag of Azerbaijan consists of three horizontal bands of light blue, red, and green which mean:

  • Light Blue: symbolises Turkic Multi-nationalism, a movement which was started during the Ottoman empire.
  • Red: a symbol for the ongoing development of Azerbaijani culture.
  • Green: a symbol of Islam, the pre-dominate religion of the country.

In the centre of the flag is a white crescent moon, another Islamic symbol, and an eight-pointed star which relates to the eight letters in the word “Azerbaijan” as written in Arabic.

A gigantic Azerbaijan flag flying in downtown Baku.

A gigantic Azerbaijan flag flying in downtown Baku.

Now that you know a little about the flag of Azerbaijan, you have the answer to at least one of the questions, which you’ll find in my ‘Crescent Flags of the World‘ travel quiz. Good Luck!

Currency

Azerbaijan Manat banknotes.

Azerbaijan Manat banknotes were designed by the same person who designed the Euro banknotes.

The currency of Azerbaijan is the Manat (code: AZN/ symbol:) which is derived from Moneta, who was the Roman Goddess of Memory and from which the word ‘Money’ is derived.

The Manat is issued by the Central Bank of Azerbaijan and shares some design similarities with the Euro (€), both having been designed by the same designer, Robert Kalina of Austria.

At the time of my visit, USD$1 = 1.70 AZN – to check the current exchange rate with the USD, click here

Costs

A Parisian-style street kiosk in downtown Baku.

A Parisian-style street kiosk in downtown Baku.

Like other countries in the region, travel costs in Azerbaijan are very reasonable (50% less than what you’d pay in Europe). A cosmopolitan capital, Baku caters for all types of travel budgets with lots of accommodation options, fine restaurants, cafes and glitzy malls.

Suggested daily budgets: 

  • Backpacker: Up to USD$30 per day.
  • Flashpacker: Between USD$60 -$100 per day.
  • Visiting Oil Executive: The sky’s the limit.

Sample costs: 

  • Coca Cola (0.33 litre bottle): 0.80 ₼ (US$0.46)
  • Water (0.33 litre bottle): 0.40 ₼ (US$0.23)
  • Cappuccino: 4 ₼ (US$2.35)
  • Metro Ticket in Baku: 0.30 ₼ (US$0.18)
  • Taxi within downtown Baku: 5-10 ₼ (US$3-6)
  • Car Rental (daily compact through Hertz): 48 ₼ (US$28)
  • Litre of fuel: 0.95 ₼ (US$0.56)
  • Combo Meal at McDonald’s in Baku: 8 ₼ (US$4.70)
  • Meal (inexpensive restaurant): 10 ₼ (US$5.87)
  • Meal for 2 (mid-range restaurant): 40 ₼ (US$23.50)
  • Dorm bed in a budget hostel (Kaha Hostel, Baku):  27 ₼ (US$16)
  • Room in a mid-range hotel (Radisson Park Inn, Baku): 170 ₼ (US$100)
  • Room in a top-end hotel (Four Seasons, Baku ):  600 ₼ (US$350)

Politics

An exhibition at the Heydar Aliyev Centre details the life of the former President.

An exhibition at the Heydar Aliyev Centre details the life of the former President.

Azerbaijan became an independent state in 1991, after gaining its sovereignty from Russia. Like other post-Soviet republics, modern Azerbaijan was shaped by one, long-term President, Heydar Aliyev, who served as President from 1993 until his death in 2003.

The regime of Heydar Aliyev has been described as dictatorial, authoritarian, and repressive – typical of all other regimes in the Post-Soviet world. For more of the same politics, you can refer to my Uzbekistan, Tajikistan and Kazakhstan Travel Guides.

Prior to his death, Heydar Aliyev nominated his son, Ilham Aliyev, to be his successor as President, a role which he still occupies. The official results of the October 15, 2003, elections gave victory to Ilham Aliyev, who earned 76.84% of the votes. In all other successive elections, he has won a majority of the votes with 87% in 2008, 85% in 2013 and 86% in 2018 – figures which would be truly stunning in a genuine democracy! In all elections, independent monitors have flagged serious voter irregularities.

Despite the rotten politics, Azerbaijan continues to develop, modernise and move forward, thanks in whole to the annual revenue earned from its oil exports. Because of this, locals are happy to maintain the status quo – for the time being.

Sightseeing

Souvenirs on sale in the old town of Baku.

Souvenirs on sale in the old town of Baku.

While most visitors to Azerbaijan don’t leave the capital, or maybe dip their toes into the countryside by venturing 50 km south to Gobustan, there’s plenty to see and do outside of Baku.

Thanks to an ongoing, ambitious, highway building program, getting around the country can be done quickly and efficiently with your own rental car (see the ‘Rental Car‘ section) or by public transport.

For those who like to visit UNESCO World Heritage Sites, there are three in Azerbaijan:

  • Gobustan Rock Art Cultural Landscape (2007)
  • Historic Centre of Sheki with the Khan’s Palace (2019)
  • Walled City of Baku with the Shirvanshah’s Palace and Maiden Tower (2000)

Baku

Heydar Aliyev Centre

Heydar Aliyev Centre Baku

The Zaha Hadid-designed Heydar Aliyev Centre is a landmark building in Baku.

Without a doubt, the jaw-droppingly beautiful, and totally original, Heydar Aliyev Centre is the highlight of any visit to Baku. This award-winning, iconic building, was designed by the famous British-Iraqi architect, Zaha Hadid and opened in 2013. Zaha Hadid passed away in 2016, but will forever be known as the “Queen of the curve” thanks to her fluid designs. No straight line was used in the project of the complex.

Heydar Aliyev Centre, Baku.

Curved spaces inside the centre have allowed for the creation of separate exhibition spaces.

Located next to the highway, as you drive in from the airport, this stunning vision in white is impossible to miss – it’s a sight which would impress even the most jaded of traveller.

The centre has become a signature landmark of modern Baku. The interior features eight levels and includes an auditorium (only accessible at performance times to ticket holders), exhibition spaces, a conference hall, workshops and a museum.

For those who are fans of Anish Kapoor, you’ll find one of his ‘reality-bending’ works installed on the ground floor.

Deconstructed Azerbaijani Carpet at the Heydar Aliyev Centre.

Deconstructed Azerbaijani Carpet at the Heydar Aliyev Centre.

While the centre features interesting and engaging displays, the main star of the show is the building itself, which is set on a green hill surrounded by parkland in which giant rabbits graze. It’s all very ‘Instagram-able!

Access: Open every day from 11 am to 7 pm (6 pm on Saturday and Sunday), except Monday. Tickets cost 12 AZN.

Old City

Rugs for sale in the old town of Baku.

Rugs for sale in the old town of Baku.

Baku grew up around the walled old city, which is known locally as İcheri Sheher. This is one of three World Heritage sites in the country and is believed to date from the 12th century, although some researchers believe it to be much older. Listed on the register in the year 2000, the old city became the first location in Azerbaijan to be classified as a World Heritage Site by UNESCO. The two main sites are the Shirvanshah’s Palace and the Maiden Tower.

Located in the heart of Baku, a short walk from waterfront, İcheri Sheher is an oasis of calm, being surrounded by thick, high stone walls which keep the noise, and most of the traffic, out. It’s a pleasant place to spend time wandering, with many mosques, restaurants, cafes, shops and hotels hidden away in its cobbled lane-ways.

Maiden Tower

The rooftop of the Maiden Tower provides some of the best views in town.

The rooftop of the Maiden Tower provides some of the best views in town.

Built in the 12th century, the 29-metre-tall, Maiden Tower, is one of Baku’s most famous landmarks, offering panoramic views of the old city and the waterfront from its rooftop viewing deck. A distinctive feature of the tower is the unusual projecting spine-buttress. The climb to the top leads you through a number of galleries which feature displays on the history of the tower and the old town.

As for the name, the Azeri name for the tower is Qız Qalası, which in English is translated as Maiden’s Tower, however the term most probably refers not to any female maiden but the fact that the tower was never captured (or touched) by invaders.

Access: The Maiden tower is open every day from 9 am to 6 pm. Tickets cost 15 AZN and are sold at the small kiosk opposite the tower entrance.

Museum Centre

The imposing edifice of the Museum Centre, which overlooks Baku bay.

The imposing edifice of the Museum Centre, which overlooks Baku bay.

The impressive and imposing Museum Centre, was originally opened in 1955 as the Lenin Museum. Located on the waterfront, this neoclassical building has an imposing facade and contains 4 floors which houses two different museums:

  • Museum of Musical Culture: Located on the 2nd floor, this museum features dated and dusty displays detailing the musical heritage of Azerbaijan. Concerts are occasionally organised and CD’s of Azerbaijani folk music are available for purchase.
  • Museum of Independence: Located on the 3rd floor, this museum also features old and dated displays which provide an un-engaging political history of the nation.

Access: The Museum Centre is open every day from 9 am to 5 pm. A combination ticket for both museums costs 6 AZN and are sold at the kiosk on the ground floor.

Azerbaijan Flag, National Museum, Baku.

The Azerbaijan Flag at the Museum Centre in Baku.

National Museum of History of Azerbaijan

The National Museum of History of Azerbaijan is located a short walk from the Museum Centre but was closed for renovation at the time of my visit.

Azerbaijan National Museum of Art

Each of the 60 rooms of the Azerbaijan National Museum of Art feature incredible parquet flooring.

Each of the 60 rooms of the Azerbaijan National Museum of Art feature incredible parquet flooring.

Despite being located downtown, on a busy road, opposite the walls of the Old City, the impressive, and worthwhile, Azerbaijan National Museum of Art is off the tourist radar. During my visit, I was the only visitor. This impressive museum is housed inside two opulent buildings which were built by wealthy oil barons in the 19th century and have since been joined by a glass entrance.

The main building is the lavishly designed – Palace of De Boure – which was originally built by order of Mr Leo De Boure. The museum contains 60 rooms which displays 3,000 different artworks and while I found the displays to be interesting, the highlight for me was the intricate design of the parquet flooring. In each room, the flooring is different, with each piece laid separately to form exquisite floral designs and geometric shapes.

The rooms of the museum contain some incredible works of art which are mostly from Azerbaijani artists. I happily spent 2 hours browsing the exhibits.

Access: The Azerbaijan National Museum of Art is open every day from 10 am to 6 pm, except Monday. Tickets cost 10 AZN with an extra 5 AZN payable if you wish to take photos, which I would recommend.

Azerbaijan National Carpet Museum

Azerbaijan National Carpet Museum.

The Azerbaijan National Carpet Museum was designed to resemble a rolled carpet.

Located on the waterfront, the Azerbaijan National Carpet Museum houses the largest collection of Azerbaijani carpets in the world. While carpets had, formerly, been displayed in other museums, it was decided to construct a dedicated carpet museum following the 2010 proclamation by UNESCO that Azerbaijani carpets were “a Masterpiece of Intangible Heritage“.

The museum was opened in August of 2014 and was designed to resemble a rolled carpet. While this sounds wonderful from a design point of view, it has made the displaying of carpets, on the curved interior walls, a little difficult.

How to display a flat carpet on a curved wall? Carpets on display at the Carpet Museum.

How to display a flat carpet on a curved wall? Carpets on display at the Carpet Museum.

The museum features an incredible array of carpets from all regions of the country. One of the most interesting exhibits is a hand-woven carpet which features a map of Azerbaijan which is over-laid with examples of different carpet styles typical of each region. A true work of art!

Can you imagine weaving this by hand? An incredible example of weaving.

Can you imagine weaving this by hand? An incredible example of weaving.

In addition to traditional carpets, the top floor showcases modern, contemporary designs, some of which are breath-taking. One of my favourites from this collection is pictured below – it’s simply called ‘Rebellion’.

"Rebellion" - one of my favourite carpets in the modern collection of the museum.

“Rebellion” – one of my favourite carpets in the modern collection of the museum.

It should be noted that if you plan to buy and export an Azerbaijani carpet, you will first need to obtain an export permit (applies to any carpet larger than 1 sq metre). The easiest place to obtain such a permit is from museum carpet shop which is located on the ground floor.

Access: The Azerbaijan National Carpet Museum is open every day from 10 am to 6 pm, except Monday. Tickets cost 7 AZN with an extra 5 AZN payable if you wish to take photos, which I would recommend.

Baku Funicular

The Baku funicular is a nice way to ascend the steep hill to Highland Park.

The Baku funicular is a nice way to ascend the steep hill to Highland Park.

Located opposite the Carpet Museum, the modern, clean and comfortable Baku funicular whisks you up from near the waterfront to Highland Park in just 3 minutes.

The funicular is the only one of its kind in the country and operates between two stations – the lower “Bahram Gur” and the upper “Martyrs’ Lane”.

Access: The funicular operates between 10:00 and 22:00 with a single ride costing 1 AZN.

Flame Towers

A symbol of a modern and confident city, the Flame Towers dominate the skyline of Baku

A symbol of a modern and confident city, the Flame Towers dominate the skyline of Baku

Completed in 2012, and befitting of a country which calls itself the ‘Land of Fire’, the three Flame Towers, dominate the Baku city skyline. Located on a hill, overlooking Baku bay, the three towers range in height from 28 to 33 storeys, and are most impressive when viewed from a distance rather than up close.

Once the sun sets the towers come to life, with the facades functioning as large, illuminated display screens thanks to more than 10,000 high-power LED lights. One of the towers is home to the Fairmont Baku hotel while the others are occupied by corporate offices.

Highland Park

The Martyrs' Lane memorial, Highland Park, Baku.

The Martyrs’ Lane memorial, Highland Park, Baku.

Located next to the upper funicular station, Highland park offers the best views of Baku and is a great place to watch the sunset over the city and bay. The park features gardens, fountains and a huge balcony which overlooks the city.

One of the most moving monuments in Baku is Martyrs’ Lane, a memorial which is dedicated to those who lost their lives (at the hands of the Soviet Red Army) in one single day – the 20th of January 1990 – during the country’s struggle for independence.

The eternal flame memorial at Highland park, Baku.

The eternal flame memorial at Highland park, Baku.

The central avenue is lined with a wall of white marble into which polished black marble stones are set with the names of the martyrs. One of the memorial markers (pictured above) features a married couple who were killed together.

The eternal flame memorial at Highland park.

The eternal flame memorial at Highland park.

At the end of the avenue, set in a round open plaza, is a large eternal flame.

Baku Eye

The 60-metre-tall 'Baku Eye' Ferris wheel on Baku bay.

The 60-metre-tall ‘Baku Eye’ Ferris wheel is located on Baku bay.

It seems these days that any city that wants to be taken seriously needs to have their own ‘eye’. Baku Eye is located on the waterfront, a short walk south of the Carpet Museum. This 60-metre-tall Ferris wheel does one revolution every 40 minutes and features large, air-conditioned cabins. George Washington Gale Ferris Jr., who invented the first Ferris wheel for the World Fair in Chicago in 1893, would be proud!

Crystal Hall & National Flag Square

The Crystal hall is located on the waterfront in downtown Baku.

The Crystal hall is located on the waterfront in downtown Baku.

Baku Crystal Hall is a large indoor arena which is located on the waterfront, a short walk south of the Ferris wheel. Built to host the 2012 Eurovision Song Contest, the arena today is used to host concerts and other events.

The hall is only during performances, but the staff at the Crystal Cafe (see the ‘Cafe‘ section below) can organise a sneak peek for paying customers. The coffee and cake at the cafe are divine!

Sharing the same piece of bay side real-estate, the huge raised platform in front of the Crystal Hall is National Flag Square, which is currently without a flag and is closed to visitors.

In September of 2010, the world’s tallest flagpole (then 162 metres) was installed on top of the platform. Then, in the ultimate game of one-upmanship, the government of Tajikistan installed a 165-metre flagpole in Dushanbe! Ouch! You can read all about the Dushanbe flagpole in my Tajikistan Travel Report.

To make matters worse, the same San Diego-based company (Trident Support), who constructed the flagpole in Azerbaijan also built the flagpole in Tajikistan. Then to top everything, the Saudis unveiled a 171-metre flagpole in Jeddah, which still remains the World’s Tallest Flagpole.

As for the Azerbaijan flagpole – rumour is that it will return soon, bigger and better – and most probably taller than 171 metres.

Bibi-Heybat Mosque

Bibi-Heybat Mosque, Baku.

The modern incarnation of the Bibi-Heybat Mosque.

Located on the main road, a short distance south of the Crystal Hall, the modern version of the Bibi-Heybat Mosque was constructed in the 1990’s and is a re-creation of the mosque with the same name which was built on the same site in the 13th century. The old mosque was blown up by the Soviets in 1937 ‘for road widening’.

Heydar Mosque

Heydar Mosque, Baku, Azerbaijan.

An impressive site, the Heydar Mosque illuminated during the Blue Hour.

Opened in 2014, the Heydar Mosque, is the largest in the Caucasus region. Built in the local Shirvan – Absheron architectural style, the mosque features four 95-metre-high minarets and covers an area of 12,000 square metres.

It’s best to visit the mosque just before sunset so you’re in position to photograph it during the magical ‘blue hour‘ which generally lasts the 20 to 30 minutes just after sunset. The mosque is fully illuminated once the sunsets.

Access: The mosque is located in a non-descript suburb, 8 km inland from the waterfront. I reached the mosque with a taxi which charged me 15 AZN.

Gobustan Petroglyph Reserve

Gobustan Petroglyph Reserve, Azerbaijan.

The Gobustan Petroglyph Reserve is set on an escarpment overlooking the Caspian Sea.

Almost all visitors to Azerbaijan spend their time in Baku, however the most popular (half-day), trip out of the capital is to the Gobustan Petroglyph Reserve, which is located 50 km south of Baku on a fast highway.

The site is one of three UNESCO world Heritage sites in Azerbaijan and attracts hordes of tour groups. Set on an escarpment overlooking the Caspian Sea, a few kilometres inland from the coastal highway, the petroglyphs were first discovered by a local miner in 1939-40 and are believed to be 40,000 years old.

Petroglyphs at Gobustan, Azerbaijan.

A prehistoric version of the “Family Diagram” bumper sticker!

The rock art represents flora and fauna, hunting, lifestyles, and culture of pre-historic with many of the petroglyphs well worn by the ravages of time. An easy way to find them is to look for the newly engraved serial numbers which have been carved into the rock near to the drawings.

It’s believed that the drawings were originally carved inside caves which early man inhabited, but over time, the caves have collapsed, leaving the former walls now exposed to the elements. While the drawings are fascinating, the sweeping views from the escarpment are just as engaging.

A visit to the complex starts 3 km down the road at the visitors centre which outlines the history of the complex. The ticket office is located in a booth outside the visitors centre.

The petroglyphs of Gobustan feature diagrams representing flora and fauna.

The petroglyphs of Gobustan feature diagrams representing flora and fauna.

Access: The reserve is open every day from 9:00 am to 5:00 pm with tickets for foreigners costing 10 AZN. You can check all ticket and tour prices here.

I drove my rental car which took me about 45 minutes from downtown Baku along the fast coastal highway. If you don’t have transport, there are plenty of affordable day tours (80 AZN) from Baku which also include additional sites, such as the Mud volcanoes. If you really wish to attempt public transport, bus #195 from Baku stops at the southern end of Gobustan from where taxi drivers wait to take you to the visitors centre and the reserve.

Mud Volcanoes

One of many mud volcanoes which can be seen at Daşgil Hill.

One of many mud volcanoes which can be seen at Daşgil Hill.

Located 20 km down the road from the petroglyphs, on top of the utterly remote and bleak Daşgil Hill is a weird collection of baby mud volcanoes.

The access road to the site is a very poor, rough, gravel road which is un-signposted. I reached the site in my rental car using Google Maps, which led the way, although I thought Google was leading me astray until came across a group of strange conical mounds that were gurgling and spitting cold, wet, grey, mud.

The mud from the volcanoes is cool rather than hot and slowly gurgles its way to the surface.

The mud from the volcanoes is cool rather than hot and slowly gurgles its way to the surface.

The poor accessibility of the site means that the tour buses are unable to visit, which offers some respite after dealing with the masses at Gobustan.

There are an estimated 800 mud volcanoes in the world, with Azerbaijan containing the largest collection with 300 – there are at least 20 at this site.

Rich oil and gas fields are always found in the vicinity of mud volcanoes and nearby, one oil seep can be viewed near to the mud volcanoes. A seep is the result of oil flowing to the surface through faults in the earth’s crust.

An oil seep near to the mud volcanoes.

An oil seep near to the mud volcanoes.

Access: Due to its remote location, there’s no ticket office, no visitor centre or any other infrastructure. The site is completely open and can be visited at any time.

Quba

Located in the north of Azerbaijan, in the foothills of the Caucasus mountain range, a short drive from the Russian Republic of Dagestan, Quba is famous for its apples which are the sweetest apples you’ll ever taste. As you approach town, the frequency of apple sellers along the highway increases. Apples are sold by the bucket and so, when I stopped at one stall and asked for a measly two apples, the kind old lady simply handed them to me and refused payment. I insisted on giving something so I left her with a nice tip!

Quba is a popular getaway in itself but more particularly a gateway to the villages in the Caucasus mountains. The town is sleepy and quiet but is home to one important site – the Quba Genocide Memorial Complex.

Quba Genocide Memorial Complex

Quba Genocide Memorial, Azerbaijan.

The striking Quba Genocide Memorial Complex is located on the outskirts of town.

The complex, which sits on the grounds of a former sports field, was constructed following the discovery of a mass burial site in 2007, which was unearthed by construction works. The striking site features two large concrete pyramids which rise dramatically above a subterranean museum. Surrounding the pyramids is an apple orchard, a memorial marking the location of the burial site and a flagpole.

My apple which was carefully selected from the orchard by my friendly guide. It tasted so good!

My apple which was carefully selected from the orchard by my friendly guide. It tasted so good!

You must be accompanied by a guide while inside the museum, which is included in the ticket price. Prior to entering the museum, I asked my guide about the apples which were hanging on the trees and looked very tempting. He carefully selected the best one for me and I can attest, it was the most superb tasting apple.

Quba Genocide Memorial.

The interior of the subterranean museum at the Quba Genocide Memorial.

The memorial commemorates the massacres of April and May 1918, when Armenian (Christian) Bolshevik forces invaded the area and massacred some 16,780 civilians, almost all Muslim and some local Jews. Many of those killed were buried in the mass grave. The museum displays, which are moving and engaging, provides information on the history of the region and the events during the time of the Armenian invasion.

Access: The complex is open every day from 9:00 am to 6:00 pm with tickets for foreigners costing 10 AZN. The complex is located on the western outskirts of town.

Çuxur Hamam

The Çuxur Hamam in Quba.

The ancient Çuxur Hamam in Quba.

Apart from the Genocide complex, one other site in town is the Çuxur Hamam. When I arrived (around 4 pm), the museum was closed. I was able to access the roof from where I took this photo.

Sheki

Located 300 km northwest of Baku, the popular tourist destination of Sheki is located on the slopes of the Caucasus mountain range, close to the border with Georgia. Sheki is considered to be the loveliest town in Azerbaijan, and was once a residence for the ruling Sheki Khans. The town has one of the greatest densities of cultural resources and monuments in Azerbaijan which include 2700 years of Azerbaijani history.

Sheki was once an important stopover point on the Silk Road and today several caravansaries still exist in the old town, one of which has been converted into a hotel and is open to visitors.

Palace of Sheki Khans

Palace of the Sheki Khans, Sheki, Azerbaijan.

The exterior of the Palace of the Sheki Khans – photos are not allowed inside.

The main attraction in town is the hilltop Palace of the Sheki Khans which was once a summer residence for the Khans and is one of three UNESCO World Heritage site in Azerbaijan.

The palace was built in 1762 by Huseyn Khan and sits among huge Chinar trees within the fortress complex. Every available inch of the palace interior is covered in the most ornate artwork and features vivid murals and dazzling coloured light streaming through Shebeki windows (see the following section). The windows in the palace are the best examples of Shebeki that exist anywhere.

The exquisite interior is a photographer’s dream, however photos are only allowed if you purchase a 300 AZN (USD$175) photography license.

Craft Centre Wall, Sheki, Azerbaijan.

The wall of the Sheki arts and craft centre features locally made ceramic artwork.

Access: The Palace is open every day from 10:00 am to 6:00 pm with tickets for foreigners costing 10 AZN. The fortress complex is a short walk uphill from the old town.


Shebeki

Unique to Azerbaijan, Shebeki (stained-glass windows) can be viewed in all their colourful glory at the Palace of the Sheki Khans. If, like me, you fall in love with these amazing creations, you can see how they are made at a workshop which is inside the craft centre by the main entrance to the fortress complex.

Here an expert craftsman will show you how the panels are made which is:

  • Step 1: Cut a piece of coloured glass to fit the panel section.
  • Step 2: Cut a piece of wood to act as a frame for the glass piece.
  • Step 3: Insert the glass piece into the larger panel.
  • Step 4: Insert the supporting wooden retainer which will hold the glass in place.
  • Step 5: Repeat all of the above steps until you have finished your panel, then enclose all the pieces in a wooden frame. No nails, no glue.

The following photos illustrate the process.

Shebeki Window Pane Making Process - 1.

Step 1: Cutting the glass.

 

Shebeki Window Pane Making Process - 3

Step 3: Insert the glass piece into the larger panel.

 

Shebeki Window Pane Making Process - 4.

Step 4: Insert the supporting wooden retainer which will hold the glass in place.

 

Shebeki Window Pane Making Process - 5

Step 5: Enclose all the pieces inside a wooden frame. No nails, no glue.


Caravansary

Courtyard of the Sheki caravansary.

The courtyard of the old caravansary, which today is welcoming a new type of guest.

Once a Silk Road caravansary, this impressive building has been renovated and converted into the Karavansarai Hotel. Even if you’re not staying here, you are free to visit and photograph the beautiful courtyard. The best coffee in town can be found at the Illy Cafe (see the ‘Cafe‘ section below), which is located outside on the main road.

Caravansaries once served as ancient roadside inns, where travellers could rest and recover from the day’s journey. They supported the flow of commerce, information and people across the network of trade routes covering Asia, North Africa and Southeast Europe, most notably the Silk Road.

Accommodation

Like everything else in Azerbaijan, visitors are spoilt for choice when it comes to accommodation options in Baku. However, elsewhere, while options exist, they are more limited.

Baku

My room at the Radisson Park Inn, Baku.

My room at the Radisson Park Inn, Baku.

My room at the Radisson Park Inn in Baku.While in Baku, I stayed downtown at the excellent Radisson Park Inn, where rooms cost around US$100 per night, although sometimes cheaper if booked through an OTA such as Booking.com or Hotels.com.

The reason I selected the Park Inn was that, at the time of making my reservation, I was staying in Tashkent at the excellent Tashkent Radisson Blu hotel, which is included in my Uzbekistan Travel Guide. I simply wanted to soak up more Radisson hospitality!

The Park Inn is centrally located on the waterfront, opposite the Park Bulvar mall, which offers plenty of dining and shopping options. Everything of interest in Baku is within walking distance of the hotel.

Quba

Kvartira - my wonderful apartment in Quba.

Kvartira – my wonderful apartment in Quba.

The northern city of Quba has limited accommodation options, however I found a gem! I booked an amazing apartment, Kvartira, through booking.com, which cost me US$50 per night which is about average in the provinces.

My spacious, clean apartment included a washing machine (always appreciated!), a kitchen, cable TV and two large bedrooms which could easily accommodate the Brady Bunch, should they ever come to town.

The apartments are located on the 1st floor of a non-descript, modern building in a non-descript side street of Quba. The building has no signage suggesting that there are rental apartments in the building and Google maps couldn’t locate the address. I had to phone the owner who directed me to the premises. It’s all very, well, non-descript but the apartment is wonderful, especially if you need to do some laundry.

The owner is very enthusiastic and helpful and speaks a little English. Due to the location, it’s best suited to people who have their own transport.

Sheki

My comfortable room at the Sheki Saray hotel in Sheki.

My comfortable room at the Sheki Saray hotel in Sheki.

Having once accommodated the Khans of Sheki, this popular tourist town offers plenty of good accommodation options, catering to all budgets.

I stayed at the very good, Sheki Saray hotel which is located in the heart of the downtown area and offers comfortable rooms from US$65 per night. It’s always nice, while in town, to be able to leave the rental car parked in the hotel car park while you explore on foot. Everything of interest is a short walk from the hotel.

Eating Out

A typical meal in Azerbaijan - BBQ'd meat, salad, bread and some rice.

A typical meal in Azerbaijan – BBQ’d meat, salad, bread and some rice.

As with accommodation, and everything else, when it comes to dining options, visitors are spoilt for choice in Baku. However, elsewhere, options are far more limited and normally restricted to ‘national’ cuisine which is best illustrated in the photo above.

Qutab is a popular snack in Azerbaijan.

Qutab is a popular snack in Azerbaijan which is grilled flatbread stuffed with cheese and herbs. The same as Turkish Gözleme!

The cuisine of Azerbaijan is typical of the region, with an emphasis on kebabs, BBQ’d meat, salads and bread – all washed down with pots of black tea. If you’re arriving in the country from any of the neighbouring countries, or Central Asia, the cuisine of Azerbaijan will be very familiar to you. However, in Baku, you have a great variety of international cuisines available, plus all the regular fast food chains, coffee houses etc.

Restaurants

A roadside restaurant meal in Azerbaijan.

A delicious meal at a roadside restaurant on the road to Sheki.

Baku

Colourful food trucks can be found throughout the downtown area of Baku.

Colourful food trucks can be found throughout the downtown area of Baku.

While in Baku, I took advantage of the variety of cuisines to take a break from the daily diet of shashlik, salad and bread to instead enjoy some fiery Indian, tasty Chinese and deliziosa Italian!

If you’re craving Italian, the global franchise, Vapiano, (actually a German company) have opened a new branch of their amazing casual dining restaurant in Baku, opposite one of the best cafes in town, the Baku Book Centre (see the ‘Cafe‘ section below for more on BBC).

Both the 28 mall, which is located opposite the main train station, and the Park Bulvar mall, which is located on the waterfront opposite the Park Inn hotel, offer a good variety of dining options and coffee chains. If you’re craving fast food, Starbucks, or the Australian chain – Gloria Jean’s Coffees, these malls are your best bet.

Quba

There are limited dining options in Quba with almost all specialising in ‘national’ cuisine. Most restaurants outside of Baku offer al-fresco dining, which is wonderful on a starry night.

While in town, I ate at the Palma restaurant which is located on Molla Pənah Vaqif Küçəsi – a short walk from Kvartira apartments. The speciality of the restaurant is shashlik, the most amazing, fresh salads and freshly baked bread.

Sheki

Being the main tourist draw-card outside of Baku, Sheki offers plenty of dining options. I ate at the popular Restoran Çələbi Xan which is conveniently located opposite the Sheki Saray hotel. The menu features BBQ’d meats, salads, soups and is a good place to try Sheki baklava, which is best washed down with an espresso from their Italian coffee machine. 

Cafés

A great place to chill and enjoy a delicious coffee - Baku Book Centre Cafe.

A great place to chill and enjoy a delicious coffee – Baku Book Centre Cafe.

Baku

Cafe Latte at the Baku Book Centre Cafe.

Cafe Latte at the Baku Book Centre Cafe.

Caffeine addicts are totally spoilt for choice in Baku! I did my best to sample a multitude of cafes, and would nominate Bliss Cafe as one of my favourites. The cafe is located around the corner from the Hilton hotel at #3 Azadliq Ave. The cafe offers one of the few breakfast menus in Baku, with an emphasis on healthy options, low on fat and sugar. The porridge is amazing as are the poached eggs.

Another favourite cafe is the very hip and stylish cafe at the Baku Book Centre (BBC) which is located opposite Vapiano and the lively Molokan Gardens. This spacious cafe features funky artworks, great coffee and tasty food.

Creative artwork on the wall of the BBC Cafe.

Creative artwork on the wall of the BBC Cafe.

Another worthwhile cafe is the Crystal Cafe, which is located inside the Crystal Hall. The cheesecake (pictured above), was served to me on one of my visits along with an excellent flat white. If you wish to view the Crystal Hall (which is always closed accept during performances), the friendly staff can escort you to the auditorium for a sneak peak, but photography is not allowed.

Cheesecake served at the Crystal cafe, Crystal Hall, Baku.

An amazing cheesecake, served at the Crystal cafe at the Crystal Hall in Baku.

Quba

There are no good cafes in Quba. If you really need a caffeine fix, the best option is to drive back to Baku, a drive of 159 km (99 mi)!

Sheki

There are a few cafes in Sheki which are equipped with an Italian espresso machine. The Illy Espresso House, which is part of the Karvansaray hotel complex, offers the best coffee in town. The Restoran Çələbi Xan also offers decent Italian espresso coffee as does the Sheki Saray hotel.

Bars

Xirdalan is the national beer of Azerbaijan.

The national beer of Azerbaijan, Xirdalan, is very smooth on the palette.

Despite being a predominately Muslim country, alcohol is readily available in Azerbaijan, a legacy of years spent in the Soviet Union where religion was banned and alcohol consumption was an integral part of the culture.

A product of Carlsberg, the light and very quaffable, Xirdalan, is the most popular beer in Azerbaijan, and can be found in most restaurants throughout the country. While dedicated bars can only be found inside top-end hotels, most restaurants serve alcohol.

Visa Requirements

Azerbaijan passport stamps.

Azerbaijan passport stamps.

In January of 2017, Azerbaijan significantly relaxed its visa requirements for 95 different nationalities, who are able to apply for a 30-day e-Visa. The system is called ASAN Visa and has been recognised as one of the easiest e-visa processes in the world.

My Azerbaijan e-Visa.

My Azerbaijan e-Visa.

The application process is simple and quick, with a payment of USD$23 (USD$20 + USD$3 service fee) required. Visas are issued via email within 3 working days. The visa needs to be printed and presented upon arrival. You can apply for the visa at the ASAN Visa website.

To check your requirements, please refer to the Visa Policy of Azerbaijan.

Getting There

Buta Airways at Heydar Aliyev International Airport.

Buta Airways at Heydar Aliyev International Airport.

Air

There are six international airports in Azerbaijan, with the main one being Heydar Aliyev International Airport in Baku. The airport is located 20 kilometres northeast of Baku, and is connected to the city by a modern highway. The airport serves as the base for the national carrier, Azerbaijan Airlines, and its low-cost subsidiary Buta Airways.

The following airlines provide scheduled services to/ from Heydar Aliyev International Airport:

  • Aeroflot – flies to/ from Moscow–Sheremetyevo
  • Air Arabia – flies to/ from Sharjah
  • Air Astana – flies to/ from Almaty, Nur-Sultan
  • Al Naser Wings Airlines – flies to/ from Erbil
  • Azerbaijan Airlines – flies to/ from Almaty, Ankara, Beijing–Capital, Berlin–Tegel, Delhi, Dubai–International, Erbil, Ganja, Geneva, Istanbul, Kiev–Boryspil, Kuwait, London–Heathrow, Milan–Malpensa, Moscow–Domodedovo, Moscow–Vnukovo, Nakhchivan, New York–JFK, Paris–Charles de Gaulle, St Petersburg, Tashkent, Tel Aviv
  • Belavia – flies to/ from Minsk
  • Buta Airways – flies to/ from Ankara, Astrakhan, Batumi , Dammam, Istanbul–Sabiha Gökçen, Izmir, Kazan, Kharkiv, Kiev-Zhuliany, Mineralnye Vody, Moscow–Vnukovo, Odessa, Riyadh, St. Petersburg, Tbilisi, Tehran–Imam Khomeini, Ufa
  • China Southern Airlines – flies to/ from ÜrümqiEtihad Airways – flies to/ from Abu Dhabi
    flydubai – flies to/ from Dubai–International
  • Gulf Air – flies to/ from Bahrain
  • IrAero – flies to/ from Chelyabinsk, Orenburg, Rostov-on-Don
  • Iran Air – flies to/ from Tabriz, Tehran–Imam Khomeini
  • Iraqi Airways – flies to/ from Baghdad, Erbil, Sulaymaniyah
  • Jazeera Airways – flies to/ from Kuwait
  • Kuwait Airways – flies to/ from Kuwait
  • Lufthansa – flies to/ from Frankfurt
  • Mahan Air – flies to/ from Tehran–Imam Khomeini
  • NordStar – flies to/ from Samara, Ufa
  • Pegasus Airlines – flies to/ from Ankara, Izmir
  • Qatar Airways – flies to/ from Doha
  • S7 Airlines – flies to/ from Novosibirsk
  • SCAT Airlines – flies to/ from Aktau
  • Smartavia – flies to/ from St Petersburg
  • Turkish Airlines – flies to/ from Ankara, Istanbul
  • Ukraine International Airlines – flies to/ from Kiev–Boryspil
  • Ural Airlines – flies to/ from Samara, Yekaterinburg
  • Utair – flies to/ from Moscow–Vnukovo, Surgut
  • Uzbekistan Airways – flies to/ from Tashkent
  • Wizz Air – flies to/ from Budapest

Airport Transport

Taxi: A regular metered London Baku taxi to downtown will cost between 20-25 AZN with a journey time of 25-45 mins, depending on (usually heavy) traffic.

Bus: The public bus company, Baku Bus, operates an express airport shuttle (route H1), 24-hours a day, which departs every 30 minutes from 06:00 to midnight and every hour between midnight and 06:00. The shuttle runs between the airport and 28 May metro stop which is near the main railway station.

In order to use the bus, you’ll first need to purchase a stored-value BakuCard from the kiosk in the arrivals hall, as you cannot buy tickets on the bus. A single ride on the bus costs 1.30 AZN (USD$0.75) plus 2 AZN for the card, which is non-refundable.

Land

Map of Azerbaijan. Source: https://www.nationsonline.org

Map of Azerbaijan. Source: https://www.nationsonline.org

It’s possible to enter Azerbaijan overland from Russia, Iran, Georgia and Turkey (only Nakhchivan). Due to the ongoing dispute with Armenia over Nagorno-Karabakh, all land borders between the two countries are closed.

A description of all land borders:

  • Georgia: situated to the west of Azerbaijan, shares a land border of 428 km (265 mi) which includes two international crossings.
  • Russia: situated to the north of Azerbaijan, shares a land border of 338 km (210 mi) which includes three international crossings and one crossing for locals only (Garax-Zukhul).
  • Iran: situated to the south of Azerbaijan, shares a land border of 1,132 km (703 mi) with Azerbaijan proper and 429 km (266 mi) with Nakhchivan. There is a total of two international crossings with Azerbaijan proper and one crossing with Nakhchivan at Culfa.
  • Turkey: shares a very short, 17 km (10 mi), border with Nakhchivan with one international crossing.

Rail

The historic Baku Central Train Station.

The historic Baku Central Train Station.

Azerbaijan is connected by rail to Russia, Georgia and Ukraine (via Russia). There’s a rail connection with Armenia but this is presently closed due to the ongoing dispute over Nagorno-Karabakh. The governments of Iran and Azerbaijan are currently working on connecting the two countries by rail. There was a rail service which connected Nakhchivan with Iran, but this has, apparently, been terminated.

The interior of the glitzy and sparkling clean main hall of Baku Central Station.

The interior of the glitzy and sparkling clean main hall of Baku Central Station.

Tickets for international trains departing from Baku station can be purchased from the international ticket desk at the main station.

The following International services depart from Baku station:

  • Russia: Train #55 leaves Baku every Thursday at 01:30 for the 53-hour odyssey north to MoscowKursky, arriving two days later at 03:20 in the morning. The cheapest online ticket on this service costs 183 AZN (USD$107).
  • Georgia: Train #38 departs Baku each evening at 20:40, arriving in Tbilisi the following morning at 08:55, a journey of 12 hours. If you wish to do the same journey in 8 hours, you should take a shared taxi (see the ‘Shared Taxi‘ section below for more details). The cheapest online ticket on this service costs 24 AZN (USD$14).
  • Ukraine: Azerbaijan Railways operate a train once a week to Kiev, departing Baku on Thursdays at 01:35, and arriving in Kiev on Monday at 11:46. On the same day, at 14:37, the train returns to Baku, arriving on Thursday at 04:10. The train passes through Russian territory between Azerbaijan and Ukraine, so you should ensure you have a Russian visa if required.

Bus

International buses depart from the Baku International Bus Station, which is known as the Avtovaghzal, serving destinations in Turkey, Georgia and Russia.

There are no direct buses from Baku to Iran, but you can take buses from Astara (on the Iranian side of the border) to Tehran.

Sea

Cargo boats, which also carry paying passengers, depart on an irregular basis from Baku International port, which is located at Alat, 80 km south of Baku.

Boats sail across the Caspian sea to the Kazakhstan port city of Kuryk (30 hours), which is located 70 km south of the city of Aktau. Beds in a 2-bed cabin cost US$80 per person or US$70 in a 4-bed cabin.

Getting Around

Baku Metro

Baku Metro Map

Baku Metro Map

The efficient and punctual Baku metro is the best way to travel around the capital. In order to use the system, you’ll need to pre-purchase a stored value BakuCard. The system has 36 kilometres (22.76 mi) of track, with three lines serving 25 stations.

A Baku metro train.

A Baku metro train.

Opened in 1967, during the days of the Soviet Union, the metro is typical of other metros built in the former USSR, with deep central stations and exquisite decorations.

Tile mosaics, Nizami Metro Station, Baku.

Tile mosaics line the walls of Nizami Metro Station.

One of the most beautiful stations on the system is Nizami metro station, which is named after the great Azerbaijani poet and philosopher Nizami Ganjavi. The station is decorated with mosaic panels which feature subjects from his works.

Public Buses

Buses, which are operated by Baku bus, are the most used form of public transport in the capital. In order to ride any of the buses, you’ll first need to purchase a stored-value BakuCard which costs 2 AZN (USD$1.17), which is non-refundable. A single journey costs 0.30 AZN (USD$0.17).

Inter-city buses depart from the Baku International Bus station, which is known as the Avtovaghzal. If you don’t wish to wait for a bus, you’ll find plenty of, faster, shared taxis at the entrance to the station.

Taxi

Known locally as 'Eggplants', the streets of Baku are home to a fleet of London taxis which are all painted in 'Eggplant' purple.

Known locally as ‘Eggplants’, the streets of Baku are home to a fleet of London taxis which are all painted in ‘Eggplant’ purple.

If you’re a Londoner feeling homesick in Baku, you only need to hail a cab! The Baku Taxi fleet is comprised of Eggplant-coloured London cabs which were originally ordered by the government when the country hosted the Euro-vision song contest in 2012. The colour choice apparently came direct from the president and the cabs are commonly referred to as ‘eggplants’ by the locals.

A London taxi in Baku, where they are branded as "Baku Taxi".

A London taxi in Baku, where they are branded as “Baku Taxi”.

The initial order was for 1000 cabs, which were to replace an ageing fleet of Lada taxis, but this number has since grown, with ‘eggplants’ now whizzing everywhere around the capital.

Unlike their London counterparts, Baku Taxis can be hired for off-road adventures.

Unlike their London counterparts, Baku Taxis can be hired for off-road adventures.

While London taxis would never dare venture off-road, I saw at least one Baku taxi driving customers along the remote and rough, gravel road to the Mud Volcanoes, which are located 50 km south of the capital.

Shared Taxis

If you don’t have your own transport, the fastest and most convenient way to travel around Azerbaijan is with a shared taxi. If you’re travelling to any of the borders, shared taxis are the way to go.

Taxis leave frequently, once all places have been filled, from outside the International Bus station in Baku. Drivers will often inflate prices for tourists (or encourage you to take a private hire by purchasing all 4 places) so it’s best to confirm the correct price in advance from someone other than the driver.

Shared taxi rates are very reasonable with the six-hour journey from Baku to the Georgian border (“Red Bridge” border crossing) costing me 40 AZN (USD$23). The one-hour taxi ride from the Georgian side of the border into Tbilisi cost me US$20 for a private hire. I completed the 570 km journey from Baku to Tbilisi in 8 hours (which included an hour at the border).

Rental Car


 

And the award for “Most Speed Cameras in the world” goes to…. Azerbaijan!

While other countries (e.g. Brazil) are much larger than Azerbaijan and have way more cameras – for a small country, Azerbaijan is swamped with speed cameras.

I would estimate that, based on per kilometre travelled, Azerbaijan has more speed cameras than any other country in the world – they are everywhere.

As the government builds newer, faster highways, it is also installing speed cameras, on average, every 2 km, although sometimes they are just 1 km apart. Often you can see from one camera to the next!

The cameras are installed so that they are focused on the road immediately in front of the camera – rather than a longer field of focus. This has led to locals adopting a driving rhythm of speeding up between cameras then slowing down. Most cameras are mounted on a high stand in the middle of the highway, so they are easy to spot in advance.

It’s fair to assume that, if you spend any amount of time driving on the highways of Azerbaijan, you will be photographed.


Azerbaijan Travel Guide: Rental Car, Azerbaijan.

Off-roading in my rental car in Azerbaijan.

I am a fan of rental cars! They allow you to maximise and prioritise your time in a country. I rented a car through Hertz Baku, which cost me USD$28 per day.

I would highly recommend Hertz who allow you to pick up and return their cars at any of their three locations in Baku, without incurring any silly ‘one-way rental’ fees.

Azerbaijan License Plate.

The license plate on my rental car.

The government is currently busy, spending some of their oil revenue, on building excellent 4-lane highways throughout the country so journey times are being reduced, however many regions are still a long way from seeing any of the new infrastructure.


That’s the end of my Azerbaijan Travel Guide.

Safe Travels!

Darren


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Further Reading

Other travel reports from the Central Asia region:

Additional blogs, articles and information on Azerbaijan are available on the Indy Guide website.

Azerbaijan Travel Guide Azerbaijan Travel Guide Azerbaijan Travel Guide Azerbaijan Travel Guide Azerbaijan Travel Guide 

Azerbaijan Travel Guide Azerbaijan Travel Guide Azerbaijan Travel Guide Azerbaijan Travel Guide Azerbaijan Travel Guide 

Azerbaijan Travel Guide Azerbaijan Travel Guide Azerbaijan Travel Guide Azerbaijan Travel Guide Azerbaijan Travel Guide 

Azerbaijan Travel Guide Azerbaijan Travel Guide Azerbaijan Travel Guide Azerbaijan Travel Guide Azerbaijan Travel Guide 

Azerbaijan Travel Guide Azerbaijan Travel Guide Azerbaijan Travel Guide Azerbaijan Travel Guide Azerbaijan Travel Guide 

Azerbaijan Travel Guide Azerbaijan Travel Guide

 

Uzbekistan Travel Guide

The Kalyan Mosque and Minaret in Bukhara.

Uzbekistan Travel Guide

Welcome to the taste2travel Uzbekistan Travel Guide!

Date Visited: August 2019

Introduction

From the fabled Silk Road cities of Samarkand, Bukhara and Khiva, Uzbekistan offers more sightseeing, culture, history and spellbinding architecture than any other destination in Central Asia.

The towering Islam Khoja Minaret in Khiva.

The towering Islam Khoja Minaret in Khiva.

The land of the infamous conqueror, Tamerlane, known locally as Timur, Uzbekistan has been a centre of culture and powerful empires for more than two millennia. All of this activity has left a dazzling array of sights which are easily explored thanks to the regions only high-speed rail network.

Detail of tile work in the Guri Amir, the mausoleum of Timur in Samarkand.

Detail of tile work in the Guri Amir, the mausoleum of Timur in Samarkand.

Despite being a police state, which is ruled by an autocratic government (see ‘Politics‘ below for more), Uzbekistan is a tourist-friendly destination, which has been made even friendlier thanks to a recent relaxing of visa requirements which now allows many nationalities to visit for 30 days without a visa.

The Kalyan minaret in Bukhara so impressed Genghis Khan that he ordered it to be spared when he sacked the city.

The Kalyan minaret in Bukhara so impressed Genghis Khan that he ordered it to be spared when he sacked the city.

While the Uzbeks are reserved, and almost no one speaks anything other than Uzbek and Russian, the locals are friendly and will go out of their way to help you – if asked. If you have any command of the Russian language, your travel experience will be significantly enhanced.

Uzbekistan Travel Guide: Hand-carved, wooden, souvenir fridge magnets for sale in Bukhara.

Hand-carved, wooden, souvenir fridge magnets for sale in Bukhara.

Uzbekistan has a rich history, culture and a cuisine which is similar to the cuisines found in other Central Asian countries. The arts and crafts of Uzbekistan have been famous for centuries, a tradition which continues today, with expert wood carvers, metal workers, carpet weavers, embroiders and more still plying their trade in regional craft centres.

Colourful woollen yarn at a carpet co-operative in Khiva old town. o-operative in Khiva old town.

Colourful woollen yarn at a carpet co-operative in Khiva old town.

The old towns of Samarkand, Bukhara and Khiva are full of shops offering fine examples of these arts and crafts at very reasonable prices.

A brass metal worker in Bukhara.

A brass metal worker in Bukhara.

The main tourist centres of Tashkent, Samarkand, Bukhara and Khiva offer plenty of accommodation options to suit all budgets, lots of restaurants and enough impressive monuments that after some time, you’ll be happy to never see another blue tile in your life!

The incomplete Kalta-minor Minaret in Khiva.

The incomplete Kalta-minor Minaret in Khiva.

Uzbekistan is open for tourism and the hordes have already arrived, but the country is one of the most rewarding and engaging destinations in Central Asia. A travel highlight!

Location

Tashkent, Uzbekistan

Uzbekistan has the distinction of being one of just two countries in the world which is doubly-landlocked (that is, a country completely surrounded by landlocked countries), the other being Liechtenstein. The country borders all four of the Central Asian republics, with Kazakhstan to the north, Kyrgyzstan and Tajikistan to the east and Turkmenistan to the south. Uzbekistan also shares a short border with Afghanistan in the south.

With a total area of 447,400 square kilometres (172,700 sq. mi), Uzbekistan is the 4th largest country among the CIS (Commonwealth of Independent States) countries.

People

Worldwide fashion trends have bypassed Uzbekistan, with Uzbek woman typically wearing very old-fashioned clothing styles.Worldwide fashion trends have bypassed Uzbekistan, with Uzbek woman typically wearing very old-fashioned clothing styles.

Worldwide fashion trends have bypassed Uzbekistan, with Uzbek woman typically wearing very old-fashioned clothing styles.

With a population of 32 million, Uzbekistan is the 2nd most populous CIS country, after Russia. Uzbeks comprise 80% of the total population with Russians, Kazakhs and Tajiks making up the remainder. The country is largely Islamic, with 88% of the population practising Islam.

An Uzbek walking through Khiva old town.

An Uzbek walking through Khiva old town.

The Uzbeks are a Turkic ethnic group who speak Uzbek, which is written in the Latin alphabet, rather than the regional default of Cyrillic. Unlike other Central Asian states, the Russian language is less used, although Tashkent is predominately a Russian speaking city. The Uzbeks also constitute minority populations in Afghanistan, Tajikistan, Kyrgyzstan, Kazakhstan, Turkmenistan, Russia and China.

Flag

The flag of Uzbekistan.

The flag of Uzbekistan.

The flag of Uzbekistan consists of three horizontal bands; blue, white and green, which are separated by two thin red bands.

Souvenir flags of Uzbekistan on sale in Khiva.

Souvenir flags of Uzbekistan on sale in Khiva.

The white stands for peace and purity, blue represents water and the sky while the green represents nature and fertility (but is also the colour of Islam).

The thin red stripes represent the “life force” within everyone, the crescent symbolises “the rebirth of Uzbekistan as an independent country, while the twelve stars represent the twelve regions of the country.

The flag of Uzbekistan flying in Khiva.

The flag of Uzbekistan flying in Khiva.

Currency

Uzbek som currency, showing the newly released 100,000 som note.

Uzbek som currency, showing the newly released 100,000 som note.

The currency of Uzbekistan is the som (currency code: UZS), a currency which is normally handled in wads.

My first encounter with the som was at the Tajikistan border crossing, where I handed a small pile of Tajik somani to a money changer, who then handed me a couple of large wads of Uzbek som, wrapped in elastic bands.

At the time of my visit (August 2019), USD$1 was buying 9,348 som. The most common notes on issue are the 1,000 som (US$0.11) and 5,000 som (US$0.55).

In 2017, the Central Bank of Uzbekistan, provided some relief for consumers when it issued a new 10,000 som (US$1.07) note, then in 2017, the bank issued a 50,000 som (US$5.35) note.

The latest issue is a new 100,000 som (US$10.70) note which was issued in February 2019. However, this note is rarely seen, with the most common notes in circulation being the 1,000 and 5,000 som. I once changed USD$100 at the bank and was handed 934,800 som in 5,000 som notes (shown below).

My wad of 5,000 som notes, which were handed to me at the bank after I changed USD$100.

My wad of 5,000 som notes, which were handed to me at the bank after I changed USD$100.

The prevalence of so many low-value notes has meant that the Uzbeks have become expert money counters, with most locals having developed a special technique for counting large wads of cash by flicking notes through their fingers – almost as quickly as a note counting machine. Most businesses, even small ones, have electronic note counters, allowing wads of currency to be counted quickly.

When changing money, you need to keep your exchange receipts, as these will be required in the event that you need to re-convert any unspent som back to US dollars or Euros. To check the current som exchange rate against the US dollar, click here.

Money Matters

MasterCard users beware!

Like Tajikistan, Uzbekistan is not a MasterCard-friendly destination, with just one bank, Asaka bank, accepting the card. If you’re using Visa card, you’ll find these are more widely accepted.

Asaka bank has a very limited branch network (almost all are in Tashkent) and just one ATM in popular tourist destinations such as Samarkand, Bukhara and Khiva. If you rely on drawing cash from ATM’s using your MasterCard, you’ll need to plan ahead.

In Tashkent, Asaka bank maintain a small exchange booth in the lobby of the Radisson Blu hotel. The bank also has an ATM in the lobby of the hotel where you can use your MasterCard (and Visa) to withdraw Uzbek som and US dollars. In Samarkand, an Asaka ATM can be found inside the Registan complex.

It’s best to carry US dollars or Euros cash to cover your stay in Uzbekistan.

When changing cash, banks will carefully inspect each note to ensure they are pristine. If any notes are less than perfect (i.e. torn, written on, taped together etc), they will not be accepted.

Like other countries in the region, Uzbekistan is a cash society. Credit cards are rarely accepted by merchants.

Costs

Travel costs in Uzbekistan are more than reasonable! The country is a travel bargain, thanks to the low value of the Uzbek som against the US dollar and Euro, which are the best currencies to carry with you.

Sample costs: 

  • Coca Cola (0.33 litre bottle): 5,500 som (US$0.59)
  • Water (0.33 litre bottle):  1,870 som (US$0.20)
  • Cappuccino (at Illy cafe in Tashkent):  12,200 som (US$1.30)
  • Bus/ Metro Ticket in Tashkent: 1,200 som (US$0.15)
  • Yandex taxi within downtown Tashkent: 10,000 – 20,000 som (US$1 – 2)
  • Litre of fuel: 4,870 som (US$0.52)
  • Meal (inexpensive restaurant): 32,800 (US$3.50)
  • Meal for 2 (mid-range restaurant): 140,000 som (US$15.00)
  • Dorm bed in a budget hostel (Art Hostel, Tashkent): 84,200 som (US$9)
  • Room in a mid-range hotel (Hotel Bek, Samarkand): 533,800 som (US$57)
  • Room in a top-end hotel (Radisson Blu hotel, Tashkent): 1,400,000 som (US$150)

 

Internet Connectivity

Painfully slow!

Just like Tajikistan, Uzbekistan has one of the slowest internet services in the world, according to Cable.co.uk, who rank 210 countries and territories in terms of internet download speeds. From their website you can download the complete excel table which places Uzbekistan in position #182 of 210, with an average download speed of 1.37 mbps.

Uzbek Telecom are the monopoly operator, who control internet speeds through their packet switching centre in Tashkent, although their monopoly status is due to end at the beginning of 2020 which should lead to faster and cheaper internet.

The only decent internet I found in all of Uzbekistan was at the Radisson Blu hotel in Tashkent. Elsewhere, while Wi-Fi is offered, it rarely works and, when it does, it’s so slow that it’s useless. If you need a decent connection, its best to stay at the Radisson Blu.

Politics

This statue of Islam Karimov in Samarkand bears a striking resemblance to Lenin statues found elsewhere in the region.

This statue of Islam Karimov in Samarkand bears a striking resemblance to Lenin statues found elsewhere in the region.

Like Russia and the neighbouring republics of Central Asia, not much has changed – in terms of politics – since the collapse of the Soviet Union. With the exception of sporadic liberalisation, all opposition movements and independent media are essentially banned in Uzbekistan. No one discusses politics and visitors are encouraged not to initiate any political discussions.

Just as Putin has ruled over Russia for an in inordinately long period of time, so too did Islam Karimov, who was president of Uzbekistan from the moment the country declared independence in 1991 until his death in September of 2016.

Karimov was born in Samarkand, where today, a large bronze statue of him has been installed in the park adjacent to the Registan. Wearing a knee-length coat, which is fluttering in the breeze, it bears a striking resemblance to Lenin statues from the soviet-era, in which Lenin was often depicted wearing similar attire. The statue of Lenin in Osh, Kyrgyzstan provides a good comparison. What do they say about the apple not falling far from the tree?

A larger-than-life statue of Lenin towers over Lenin Avenue in Osh.

A larger-than-life statue of Lenin towers over Lenin Avenue in Osh.

Like its neighbours, Uzbekistan’s ‘democracy’ is a façade, hiding an autocratic regime. Karimov won the country’s first democratic election in 1991 with 86% of the vote, in an election in which outside observers noted a large number of voting irregularities.

Karimov then had his first term extended until 2000, through a parliamentary rubber-stamping process. He was then re-election in 2000, 2007 and 2015, each time receiving over 90% of the vote! Amazing really!

Since the death of Karimov, Uzbekistan has been ruled by Shavkat Mirziyoyev, who won his first election in 2016 in a landslide victory with 89% of the vote! The election was described by The Economist as a complete sham.

Laundry Service

The curse of all modern travellers is dirty laundry! At some stage, even a busy nomad needs to take timeout from exploring the world to do laundry.

Unless you use a hostel, or and expensive hotel laundry service, it is a challenge to find a laundromat in Tashkent. While there are plenty of dry-cleaners, who charge a small fortune per item, there are no laundromats.

The only place I found in Tashkent, which offers a ‘wash and dry’ service, was the friendly Art Hostel, who charge 15,000 som (US$1.65) per 5 kilos with a 24 hour service.

Sightseeing

The Kalyan Mosque and Minaret in Bukhara.

The Kalyan Mosque and Minaret in Bukhara.

Tashkent

Despite being the capital of Uzbekistan, Tashkent has a distinctly Russian look and feel to it. This is due to the fact that the city is home to a large number of Russian migrants, who were forcibly relocated here during the Stalin years, and also that the city was largely destroyed by an earthquake in 1966 and then rebuilt by Soviet workers using blue-prints from Russia.

Today, Tashkent is a city of wide boulevards, lined with Soviet-era eyesores. Much of the signage is in Russian, restaurant menus are in Russian and few people speak anything other than Russian or Uzbek.

While not the most charming city in the world, Tashkent is a fascinating jumble of contradictions, with a few sights, some great restaurants, bars and cafes and the best selection of accommodation in the country. I spent five days exploring the capital and could have stayed longer.

Museum of Applied Art

An exquisite example of 'Ghanch', an architectural-decorative form of artwork, at the Museum of Applied Art in Tashkent.

An exquisite example of ‘Ghanch’, an architectural-decorative form of artwork, at the Museum of Applied Art in Tashkent.

Hidden away in a suburban backstreet, The Museum of Applied Arts occupies a beautiful house which was built in the 1930’s (during the Soviet era) and today houses exhibits which showcase different textiles and ceramics from Uzbekistan.

A highlight of the museum is the highly ornate Ghanch, which is an architectural-decorative form of artwork which uses plaster, wood, stone and ceramics and is often painted in bright colourful designs.

Access: The museum is open every day from 09:00 to 18:00. Entrance tickets cost 10,000 som.

Amir Timur Museum

The Amir Timur Museum in Tashkent.

The Amir Timur Museum in Tashkent.

This is an interesting museum for several reasons. Opened in 2006, the Amir Timur Museum is one of the newest museums in Tashkent. It was established to commemorate the 660th birthday of Amir Timur.

Until the 1920’s, Uzbekistan as a nation, did not exist – it was a Soviet creation. Following the collapse of the Soviet Union in 1991, and subsequent independence for Uzbekistan, the then president, Karimov, wanted to create something that would help unify the diverse population. The new Uzbek state looked to its past for unifying national figures, in order to encourage a cohesive Uzbek identity. In terms of myths and national heroes, they don’t come any bigger than Amir Timur.

Amir Timur (known also as ‘Tamerlane’) was a fourteenth-century conqueror of Western, South and Central Asia. The centre of his huge empire was the city of Samarkand, which is also the sight today of his mausoleum. Under Timur, the area occupied by modern day Uzbekistan flourished.

Having found his ‘unifier’, the president, who use to compare his own leadership style to that of Timur, ordered the museum to be built. The unfortunate fact, as explained on the first information board inside the museum, is that most artefacts from this great period of history, have long been removed from Uzbekistan and are now housed in the collections of museums around the world.

Displays are arranged on two floors and comprise mostly modern replicas, recent paintings of family members, models of buildings, temples etc. The aim of the museum is to reinforce the national identity of the Uzbek people rather than to be historically accurate. This it achieves!

A statue of Amir Timur which is located in the park opposite the museum.

A statue of Amir Timur which is located in the park opposite the museum.

Across the road from the museum, is a park dedicated to Amir Timur, which features an equestrian statue of him at its core.

Samarkand

A Soviet-era mural in Samarkand.

A Soviet-era mural in Samarkand.

During its long history, the city has been invaded by all the great invaders, from Alexander the Great, who invaded in 329 B.C., to a succession of Iranian and Turkic rulers and eventually Genghis Kahn, who conquered the city in 1220.

Registan

The Registan and its three madrasahs. From left to right: Ulugh Beg Madrasah, Tilya-Kori Madrasah and Sher-Dor Madrasah.

The Registan and its three madrasahs. From left to right: Ulugh Beg Madrasah, Tilya-Kori Madrasah and Sher-Dor Madrasah.

The Registan is regarded as the single most impressive sight in all of Central Asia and, after making several visits, and spending many hours appreciating the spectacular majolica tiled Madrasahs, the incredible mosaics, and the symmetry of the complex, it’s easy to agree with this assessment.

The striking entrance to the Ulugh Beg Madrasah at the Registan.

The striking entrance to the Ulugh Beg Madrasah at the Registan.

The Registan is comprised of three very different Madrasahs, the Ulugh Beg Madrasah, Tilya-Kori Madrasah and Sher-Dor Madrasah, all of which front onto a central square in perfectly symmetry. If you have the time, it’s worth visiting the Registan at different times throughout the day to appreciate how the changing sunlight alters the mood of the complex. The most magical time to visit is at dusk.

The interior courtyard of the Ulugh Beg Madrasah.

The interior courtyard of the Ulugh Beg Madrasah.

The first of the three madrasahs (religious schools) to be built was built by Timur’s grandson, Ulugh Beg, in 1417. He was an astronomer and mathematician who invited scholars to work and teach at Samarkand, making it the intellectual capital of the region. The two other madrasahs were built later but modelled on Ulugh Beg’s work.

The incredibly beautiful interior of the Tilya-Kori Madrasah.

The incredibly beautiful interior of the Tilya-Kori Madrasah.

One of the photographic highlights for me was the interior of the mosque of the Tilya-Kori Madrasah, which is lavishly decorated in gold. The name Tilya-Kori translates as “decorated with gold”. Construction of the madrasah was commenced in 1646 and finished in 1660. For centuries, the mosque of the madrasah served as the principal mosque of Samarkand.

A sneak peak of a dress rehearsal for a concert which was to be performed at the Registan.

A sneak peak of a dress rehearsal for a concert which was to be performed at the Registan.

Access: the entrance to the Registan is not obvious, but can be found at the eastern side of the complex, near to the Ancient Trading Centre.

The ticket office is open from 8 am until 5 pm, with tickets costing 40,000 som for foreigners. As for after-hours access, you should negotiate directly with the friendly guards, who are always interested in supplementing their meagre incomes!

Gur-e-Amir

The fluted dome is a unique feature of the Gur-e-Amir.

The fluted dome is a unique feature of the Gur-e-Amir.

The Gur-e-Amir is a mausoleum which serves as the final resting place for members of Timur’s family. Interred in the mausoleum is Timur, his sons Shah Rukh and Miran Shah and grandsons Ulugh Beg and Muhammad Sultan. Also honoured with a place in the tomb is Timur’s teacher Sayyid Baraka.

Timur is buried beneath a solid block of dark green jade. He is flanked by his sons and grandsons.

Timur is buried beneath a solid block of dark green jade. He is flanked by his sons and grandsons.

The tomb of Timur is easily spotted, being a solid block of dark green jade. This precious stone was plundered, from the palace of the Chinese emperor, during a raid in China.

Shah-i-Zinda

Located in Samarkand, Shah-i-Zinda consists of an avenue of exquisitely tiled mausoleums.

Located in Samarkand, Shah-i-Zinda consists of an avenue of exquisitely tiled mausoleums.

While the Gur-e-Amir serves as the resting place for Timur and his nearest and dearest, Shah-i-Zinda consists of an avenue of exquisitely tiled mausoleums which serve as the final resting place for many noble people, including a cousin of the Prophet Mohammed.

The complex is a necropolis which has existed for more than 1,000 years. Over the centuries, different mausoleums have been added, resulting in a fascinating cross-reference of various architectural styles, methods, and decorative craftsmanship as they have changed throughout a millennium of work.

Bukhara

The Nadir Divan-Beghi Madrasah in Bukhara was originally intended to be a caravanserai but was instead inaugurated as a madrasah.

The Nadir Divan-Beghi Madrasah in Bukhara was originally intended to be a caravanserai but was instead inaugurated as a madrasah.

Like Khiva, Bukhara is a city with a long history, and has benefited from its role as the capital of a successful Khanate – the Khanate of Bukhara, which existed from the 16th to the 19th century.

In the ultimate version of ‘keeping up with the Joneses‘, the Khans of Bukhara and Khiva kept a close eye on construction projects in their rival cities and then initiated projects to out-do the other. It was because of this intense rivalry that so many spectacular monuments and buildings were constructed in those cities, and it’s those monuments today that attract so many visitors. You’ll need at least two days to see the main sights of Bukhara.

Kalyan Minaret & Mosque

The Kalyan minaret and mosque lie at the heart of Bukhara old town.

The Kalyan minaret and mosque lie at the heart of Bukhara old town.

When the Kalyan (Great) minaret was built in 1127 AD, it was probably the tallest building in Central Asia. The iconic minaret, which was designated to summon Muslims to prayer at the adjacent Kalyan mosque, dominates the skyline of Bukhara. One hundred years after its construction, Genghis Khan sacked the city, but was so impressed by the minaret that he ordered his men to spare it.

The minaret is also known as the Tower of Death, because until as recently as the early twentieth century criminals were executed by being thrown from the top.

Constructed in the fifteenth century, the Kalyan mosque is built around a rectangular courtyard.

Constructed in the fifteenth century, the Kalyan mosque is built around a rectangular courtyard.

The adjacent Kalyan mosque is a relaxing place to spend time soaking up the history of Bukhara. Entrance tickets are valid for 48 hours, which is a good thing, as repeat visits to the mosque, at different times, provide different photographic opportunities as the sun moves over the complex.

The blue-tiled dome of the Kalyan mosque.

The blue-tiled dome of the Kalyan mosque.

Miri-Arab Madrasah

The incredibly ornate entrance to the Miri-Arab Madrasah, Bukhara.

The incredibly ornate entrance to the Miri-Arab Madrasah, Bukhara.

Opposite the Kalyan mosque and minaret, the Miri-Arab Madrasah forms the ensemble that is Poi-Kalyan, the spiritual centre of this holiest of cities.

The madrasah has 114 student cells, which corresponds to the number Surahs (chapters) in the Quran. The madrasah is home to approximately 125 resident students, who study a four-year course of Arabic, theology and the Koran. Thus the Madrassah is closed to tourists, who have to content themselves with stealing glimpses through the entrance grill.

There's no shortage of incredible architecture and design in Bukhara.

There’s no shortage of incredible architecture and design in Bukhara.

Metal Working

A traditional blacksmith workshop at the Chasing Metal Museum in Bukhara old town.

A traditional blacksmith workshop at the Chasing Metal Museum in Bukhara old town.

Bukhara is famous as a centre for metal working, with traditional blacksmiths producing incredible wares using techniques which haven’t changed in centuries.

A good place to gain an understanding of this craft is at the Chasing Metal Museum which is housed inside a working Blacksmith shop which is located opposite the Bozori Kord bathhouse.

Bukhara is famous for its handmade 'Stork scissors'.

Bukhara is famous for its handmade ‘Stork scissors’.

One popular souvenir of Bukhara are beautiful hand-crafted scissors, which are in the shape of a stork (a symbol of the city). The scissors come in different sizes. I purchased the pair photographed below for US$10.

A pair of Stork scissors which I purchased, a beautiful and practical souvenir of Bukhara.

A pair of Stork scissors which I purchased, a beautiful and practical souvenir of Bukhara.

Bozori Kord Bathhouse

The main chamber at the ancient Bozori Kord bathhouse in Bukhara old town, where one can pay to be massaged (pounded!) and scrubbed on a hard marble slab.

The main chamber at the ancient Bozori Kord bathhouse in Bukhara old town, where one can pay to be massaged (pounded!) and scrubbed on a hard marble slab.

Bukhara is home to several bathhouses (hammam) which are an ideal way to relax after a hard day of exploring the sights. I took a bath at the centuries-old Bozori Kord Hammam which is located in the old town. The bathhouse consists of one room which is open to male and female bathers at different times.

The bathing process involves stripping down, then relaxing for some time in a sauna room. Once your pores are open, you’ll be led to a marble slab which lies in the middle of the central chamber. There, you’ll be scrubbed with a loofah, then massaged aggressively! My body was bent in ways I didn’t know it could bend. It’s like a forced yoga workout.

After the massage, you’re rubbed down with a ginger/ honey powder mix then led to another sauna room where you lay on a hot marble slab. The ginger mix creates a burning sensation which apparently has a detox effect on your body. The total treatment time for me was 2 hours.

A scrub with a massage costs 150,000 som (USD$16). 

Khiva

The old town of Khiva is brimming with souvenir shops selling colourful 'Khiva' mementos.

The old town of Khiva is brimming with souvenir shops selling colourful ‘Khiva’ mementos.

Of all the Silk Road destinations in Uzbekistan, Khiva is my favourite. There’s something magical in the air of this exotic, ancient city, which is located 450 km north-west of Bukhara in the middle of the huge Kyzylkum desert.

According to archaeologists, Khiva was founded in the 4th century BC. According to legend, it was founded by a son of Noah, Shem, when he dug a well in the middle of the desert and found the sweetest of waters. Khiva flourished as the capital of the Khiva Khanate, which existed from 1511 to 1920. The Khanate was ruled by the Khans of Khiva who were patrilineal descendants of Shayban, a grandson of Genghis Khan.

Once synonymous with the slave trade and barbarism, Khiva, is today a living museum, a UNESCO World Heritage site which attracts hordes of tourists, most of which are on group tours.

The city is divided into two parts, the walled old town, known as the Ichan-Kala, and the outer new town, known as the Dishan-Kala. Almost all sites are located inside the walls of the old town along hotels, restaurants, shops and money changers. As such, there’s little reason for visitors to leave the confines of the city walls.

A carpet weaving co-op in Khiva old town.

A carpet weaving co-op in Khiva old town.

In order to access the old town and visit the various sights, visitors are required to purchase a ticket from the ticket office which is located outside the western gate (near to the Kalta-minor minaret). The cheapest ticket costs 50,000 som, which grants access to the old town, and most sights, for a period of 48 hours.

If you’d rather not spend 50,000 som on a ticket, you are able to explore the old town for free. While the west and east gates of the old town have electronic barriers, which require you to scan your ticket to gain access, you can enter the old town, for free, in many other places.

Kalta-Minor Minaret

Originally planned to be three times its current height, the stunning Kalta-minor Minaret is one of the main sights of Khiva.

Originally planned to be three times its current height, the stunning Kalta-minor Minaret is one of the main sights of Khiva.

If there’s one defining, iconic symbol of Khiva, then it must be the stunningly beautiful Kalta-minor minaret. Construction on the minaret commenced in 1852, when the then ruler of Khiva, Muhammad Amin Khan, wanted to build the tallest and most beautiful minaret in Central Asia. Khiva was always in competition with Bukhara which already had its own beautiful minaret.

The old town of Khiva is full of blue-tiled mosques and minarets, all of which contrast nicely with the earth-coloured mud walls.

The old town of Khiva is full of blue-tiled mosques and minarets, all of which contrast nicely with the earth-coloured mud walls.

Construction came to an abrupt end 3 years later after Muhammad Amin Khan was killed. At the time the minaret was only 26 metres high, just a third of its intended height. It was never finished and ironically it is now called the Kalta-minor minaret or short minaret.

The adjacent Madrasah of Muhammad Amin Khan was once one of the finest educational institutions in Khiva, but today serves as the Orient Star hotel, one of the poshest hotels in town.

Islam Khoja Minaret & Madrasah

Attached to its namesake Madrasah, the Islam Khoja Minaret in Khiva is the tallest minaret in Uzbekistan.

Attached to its namesake Madrasah, the Islam Khoja Minaret in Khiva is the tallest minaret in Uzbekistan.

At 57 metres high, The Islam Khoja minaret is the highest structure in Khiva and the tallest minaret in Uzbekistan. The slim minaret, which features bands of blue mosaic tiles, dominates the old town.

Tile-work on the Islam Khoja Madrasah.

Tile-work on the Islam Khoja Madrasah.

A gallery at the top of the minaret offers the best views of the old town. Those who wish to take in the panoramic views first need to undertake a sweaty climb of 175 steep, narrow, dark steps. It’s a spiral staircase workout! Each step is knee-height which means you haul yourself up the tower and gently lower yourself back down. The only problem is – there are no safety railings, ropes or any other aids.

The views from the top are worth the climb. In former times, such minarets served as a means of capital punishment with the condemned being thrown from the top of the tower.

If you wish to make the climb, a separate entrance fee of 15,000 som is payable at the ticket office at the base of the minaret.

Detail of the tiled roof of the Islam Khoja Madrasah in Khiva.

Detail of the tiled roof of the Islam Khoja Madrasah in Khiva.

Adjacent to the minaret is the Islam Khoja Madrasah which now serves as one of the many museums in the old town

Kunya Ark Citadel

The entrance to the Kunya Ark citadel with the small jail house museum to the left.

The entrance to the Kunya Ark citadel with the small jail house museum to the left.

Kunya Ark, which means “Old castle” was a citadel which served as a residence for the Khans of Khiva. Construction on the citadel started in 1686 and lasted more than 20 years. Like the Forbidden City in Beijing, the Kunya Ark was a city within a city, separated from the Ichan-Kala by a high wall and housing various rooms for the Khan, his family and dignitaries.

Detail of the minaret at the Kunya Ark citadel in Khiva.

Detail of the minaret at the Kunya Ark citadel in Khiva.

From The Kunya Ark, the Khans meted out swift justice. Prisoners were kept in the small jail house, which is situated to the left of the entrance gate, to await their fate.

A painting showing a form of torture for woman in medieval Khiva.

A painting showing a form of torture for woman in medieval Khiva.

Today, this building serves as an interesting museum which features graphic illustrations of various methods of capital punishment such as “Stoning”, “Burying Alive”, “Throwing Off Minaret” and “Woman Punishment”.

Tosh-Hovli Palace

One of the ornate, columned, “aivans” (terraces) at the Tosh Hawli Palace in Khiva.

One of the ornate, columned, “avian” (terraces) at the Tosh Hawli Palace in Khiva.

The very ornate Tosh Hovli palace provides yet another example of blue tiles arranged in spectacular designs. The palace was constructed between 1830 and 1838, and served as the summer residence for the Khiva Khans, housing a Harem, reception and banquet halls and a court room.

A wooden door at the Tosh Hawli palace in Khiva.

A wooden door at the Tosh Hawli palace in Khiva.

The palace features typical elements of Khiva architectural design – enclosed courtyards, shady two-column aivans (terraces) and balconies.

Juma Mosque and Minaret

Just some of the 218 wooden columns which support the wooden roof of the Juma Mosque in Khiva.

Just some of the 218 wooden columns which support the wooden roof of the Juma Mosque in Khiva.

Possibly the most unique mosque in Uzbekistan, and maybe in the entire world, the very peculiar Juma mosque is one of the oldest mosques in Khiva. The main chamber has more than 200 hand-carved, wooden columns, some dating to the tenth century, all of which are supported by stone bases. The columns support an entirely enclosed, wooden roof.

A small garden in the middle of the mosque is open to the elements, allowing some sunlight to enter the darkened space.

Easily distinguished by its turquoise-tile bands, the Juma Mosque minaret lies at the heart of Khiva old town.

Easily distinguished by its turquoise-tile bands, the Juma Mosque minaret lies at the heart of Khiva old town.

If you have purchased the deluxe all-inclusive ticket, you will be able to access the Juma minaret where 82 dark and narrow steps lead to a viewing gallery at the top of the 47-metre-high minaret.

Pahlavan Mahmud Mausoleum

The blue-tiled dome of the Pahlavan Mahmud Mausoleum is the largest in Khiva.

The blue-tiled dome (the largest in Khiva) of the Pahlavon Mahmud mausoleum is another dominate feature of the old town. The building houses the tomb of Pahlavon Mahmud, who was a lot of things from poet, doctor, philosopher to wrestler.

People believe he had mystical, herculean, powers and defended the poor. Pahlavon Mahmud is considered a saint and his mausoleum is a pilgrimage spot for people from all over Uzbekistan. Due to its popularity, the city charges a separate entrance fee to enter the sight.

The resplendent tomb of Pahlavan Mahmud and the intricate wooden parquet floor of the mausoleum.

The resplendent tomb of Pahlavan Mahmud and the intricate wooden parquet floor of the mausoleum.

For local visitors, the mausoleum is the #1 attraction in Khiva and is an active place of worship for them. A resident Imam recites verses from the Quran as people sit in silence and pray. It’s a very relaxing space and the recitations can be emotional and hypnotic. A truly mesmerising experience!

One feature which I found to be very striking were the intricate, wooden, parquet floors.

Nurullaboy Saroyi

The main palace building at Nurullaboy Saroyi.

The main palace building at Nurullaboy Saroyi.

If there’s one reason to leave the confines of the old town then it must be to visit the wonderful Nurullaboy Saroyi. As the Ichan Kala (Old Town) became crowded with madrasahs, palaces and other buildings, the Khiva Khans had to look outside the city walls to find enough space to build their next palace.

Located just 200 metres from the city walls, the Nurullaboy Saroyi is a beautiful, relaxing space which is off the tourist radar. At the time of my visit, I had the whole place to myself. Initially, I was shocked when I was asked to pay 50,000 som for an entrance ticket. “Was this not included in the old town combo-ticket?” I asked. No! But in the end, I was happy I paid.

Detail of the ornate palace awning at Nurullaboy Saroyi.

Detail of the ornate palace awning at Nurullaboy Saroyi.

The first building in the complex is a fully renovated palace. When I visited, there was no one in attendance, so I opened the door, entered and walked around. I had the palace to myself. The ceiling and walls of each room are highly decorated.

The ornate ceiling of the palace at Nurullaboy Saroyi in Khiva.

The ornate ceiling of the palace at Nurullaboy Saroyi in Khiva.

Beyond the palace is a larger, walled, compound which is home to dozens of rooms, all of which are fully renovated and contain displays on everything to do with Khiva culture, history and society. The displays are far superior to anything in the old town. It was here that I could gain an appreciation for the intricacies of local crafts such as carpet-weaving, metal-working, wood-work, ceramics, textiles and more.

Uzbekistan Travel Guide: The carpet gallery at the Nurullaboy Saroyi museum.

The carpet gallery at the Nurullaboy Saroyi museum.

Other rooms featured local contemporary art, classical art and photography. I ended up spending much more time here than at any place I visited in the old town. I would highly recommend a visit to Nurullaboy Saroyi.

Uzbek carpets are characterised by a field of red-brown tint, which is populated by brightly coloured medallions, which usually appear in geometrical shapes.

Uzbek carpets are characterised by a field of red-brown tint, which is populated by brightly coloured medallions, which usually appear in geometrical shapes.

There’s a gift shop, which includes the finest selection of Khiva ceramic tiles that depict the Zoroastrian symbol of “ease”. These tiles can be found embedded in the walls of every building in the old town of Khiva.

My Khiva 'Cross' tile which I purchased at Nurullaboy Saroyi which depicts the Zoroastrian symbol of "ease".

My Khiva ‘Cross’ tile which I purchased at Nurullaboy Saroyi which depicts the Zoroastrian symbol of “ease”.

Accommodation

With tourism established longer in Uzbekistan than in any other country in the region, there’s no shortage of accommodation options throughout the country.

Accommodation Registration

Some of my Hotel Registration receipts, which must retained until you have exited Uzbekistan.

Some of my Hotel Registration receipts, which must retained until you have exited Uzbekistan.

Uzbekistan is a land of strange, quirky systems, and they don’t come any stranger than the small slips of paper which are handed to you by your hotel at the time of check-out. Often on a simple post-it note, this are your all-important hotel registration receipt, and needs to retained until you have exited the country.

Under the current law, all foreigners visiting Uzbekistan on a temporary basis must submit their passport for registration at their place of residence within 72 hours. If staying in a hotel or guest house, they will take care of this process for you. Every place you stay will register you and issue you with a registration receipt at the time of check-out.

It’s essential you keep the receipts in case you are asked to provide evidence of registration. I was never asked to show these when exiting the country, but you need to hold on to them just in case!

If you’re staying in a flat or private house, then you should register yourself through the local Department of Registration, which is known as OVIR.

Tashkent

During Soviet times, each capital had its own behemoth hotel which was named after the republic. The Hotel Uzbekistan once served as the main hotel in Tashkent for visitors travelling with Intourist.

During Soviet times, each capital had its own behemoth hotel which was named after the republic. The Hotel Uzbekistan once served as the main hotel in Tashkent for visitors travelling with In-tourist.

I skipped the Hotel Uzbekistan as the old Soviet relics really are relics in every sense. I instead chose to stay at the modern and comfortable Tashkent Radisson Blu hotel which was an excellent choice for many reasons.

My comfortable room at the Tashkent Radisson Blu hotel.

My comfortable room at the Tashkent Radisson Blu hotel.

From the spacious rooms, fast internet (the fastest I experienced in Uzbekistan), friendly, professional staff, excellent buffet breakfast featuring lots of local produce, amazing swimming pool, onsite Asaka bank branch (which offers money change facilities at all hours) and an Asaka bank ATM which accepts MasterCard / Visa card to its central location, a short stroll from numerous bars, cafes, restaurants and close proximity to the Metro.

There is no other place to stay while in Tashkent!

The swimming pool, at the Radisson Blu hotel in Tashkent, is the perfect place to relax after a day of exploring the capital.

The swimming pool, at the Radisson Blu hotel in Tashkent, is the perfect place to relax after a day of exploring the capital.

Samarkand

My spacious suite at the Hotel Bek in Samarkand.

My spacious suite at the Hotel Bek in Samarkand.

While in Samarkand, I stayed at the Hotel BEK, which was comfortable but not somewhere I would recommend staying. Reviews on TripAdvisor (click on link) are mostly negative and reflect the fact that the hotel is poorly maintained and poorly managed.

The one lift has been out of service for about 12 months and management have made no attempt to get it repaired. In fact, a gift shop has been installed in front of the lift doors in the lobby. As a result, all guests have to walk up and down the multiple flights of stairs, which is not ideal for old people or anyone who has mobility issues. I had a suite on level 4 which was comfortable and spacious.

There are plenty of other options in Samarkand with lots of hostels catering to the hordes of backpackers which descend on this fabled Silk Road city.

Bukhara

A view of the upper floor of the Hotel Old Bukhara.

A view of the upper floor of the Hotel Old Bukhara.

Travellers to Bukhara are spoilt for choice with a vast array of excellent, good value, options available throughout the charming old town.

I stayed at the excellent Hotel Old Bukhara which is located a short two minute walk from the iconic Kalyan Minaret and most other attractions. The hotel is located on a quiet lane-way and is built around a central courtyard with rooms on two floors.

The most beautiful breakfast table at the Hotel Old Bukhara.

The most beautiful breakfast table at the Hotel Old Bukhara.

The leafy, relaxing courtyard serves as the setting for an amazing breakfast each morning, with features a selection of local produce served on locally made ceramic ware.

The owners of the hotel are a young, enthusiastic local couple who speak excellent English and do everything to ensure your stay is pleasant.

Khiva

My room at the Hotel EuroAsia in Khiva.

My room at the Hotel EuroAsia in Khiva.

As with elsewhere in Uzbekistan, Khiva offers plenty of accommodation options, especially in the old town.

I stayed at the Hotel EuroAsia which is a small hotel with spotlessly clean rooms arranged on two floors. The hotel is especially popular with visiting European tour groups (it was full most nights with me being the sole independent traveller) and is a short walk from all the main sights.

Eating Out

The cuisine of Uzbekistan is very similar to the cuisine of the other Central Asian republics, with restaurant menus featuring steamed dumplings (known throughout the region as ‘Manti‘), noodle soup (known everywhere as ‘Lagman‘), Plov (a Central Asian version of Pilau rice), barbecued meats (Shashlik), salads which are based on tomato and cucumber – all of which are served with a basket of bread.

Bread

Dating from the days of the Silk Road, 'Khiva bread' is always rolled flat and stamped before being baked in a clay oven.

Dating from the days of the Silk Road, ‘Khiva bread’ is always rolled flat and stamped before being baked in a clay oven.

Bread in Uzbekistan is an integral part of the culture, with each region producing its own type, all of which are divine. With every meal, a basket of bread will be served often fresh from the tandyr (clay oven). Known in Uzbekistan as non or lepeshka, bread is generally round and flat and is baked in a clay oven. Samarkand is especially known for its bread while Bukhara and Khiva have their own unique styles of bread.

Bread in Khiva being baked in a clay oven.

Bread in Khiva being baked in a clay oven.

Throughout the old towns of Uzbekistan, bakers can be observed baking bread using the same techniques and equipment which has been used for centuries. These photos were taken in the old town of Khiva where two girls work constantly, baking bread in a clay oven, for nearby restaurants and local residents.

The bread is slapped to the sides of the clay oven where it remains until its golden brown and toasty.

The bread is slapped to the sides of the clay oven where it remains until its golden brown and toasty.

Restaurants

With so many tourists visiting Uzbekistan, you can be sure of a good selection of dining options.

Tashkent

Being a very Russian city, most restaurants in Tashkent only offer menus in Russian and most staff do not speak English. Google translate is helpful in this town! In terms of variety, Tashkent is the only place in the country where you can take a break from ‘national’ food.

International Fast food chains have a limited presence in Uzbekistan with no McDonald’s or Burger King, although this is due to change. KFC and Wendy’s have branches in Tashkent, however the best hamburger in town is served at the Radisson Blu Hotel.

A good selection of restaurants can be found along Amir Temur Avenue around metro stop Minor, including Italian (Giotto and the local Illy cafe – Caffee’issimo), both of which serve most Italian favourites plus gelato, waffles and coffee.

For something different, Pudding (located at Minor metro) offers Afghan cuisine while other nearby restaurants offer Chinese and Pakistani cuisine. Nice to take a break from all the ‘national’ cuisine.

Samarkand

There are many fine restaurants in Samarkand, with one of my favourites being Platan which is housed in the hotel of the same name at #2 Pushkin street, just around the corner from the El-Merosi cafe (see the ‘Cafe‘ section below). The menu features the typical line up of ‘national’ cuisine with some good vegetarian options.

Bukhara

A delicious dinner at Restaurant ''Old Bukhara" - shashlik, Greek salad and fresh Bukhara bread.

A delicious dinner at Restaurant ”Old Bukhara” – shashlik, Greek salad and fresh Bukhara bread.

Of the different types of bread served throughout Uzbekistan, my favourite is the bread from Bukhara. While the bread in Khiva is flat and firm, Bukhara bread is softer and fluffier.

In Bukhara, one of my favourite places to eat was Restaurant ”Old Bukhara” which is easy to find in the old town (where everything else is located). The best feature of this restaurant is the popular rooftop terrace which offers amazing views of the sun setting over the old town.

Once again, the menu is all about ‘national’ food with lots of BBQ meat, salads, bread, dumplings and more. The freshly made Dolma (young, rolled grape leaves stuffed with a meat and rice mix) are a house special and definitely worth trying.

Khiva

A view of the popular Restaurant Terrassa in Khiva, a wonderful place to sample local cuisine.

A view of the popular Restaurant Terrassa in Khiva, a wonderful place to sample local cuisine.

Located in the heart of the old town of Khiva, the ever-popular Restaurant Terrassa serves a selection of ‘national’ food with Shashlik and dumplings being the house specials. The rooftop terrace offers unparalleled overs over the old town and is a magnet for tourists during sunset.

Cafés

Throughout Central Asia, the word café (кафе in Russian) is used to describe a cafeteria, i.e. a place where you go to dine. Normally such places serve juices, tea and maybe instant coffee but you’ll never find cappuccino or lattes being served at such places. To differentiate themselves, those places serving real coffee call themselves ‘coffee houses‘.

Tashkent

The newly opened Café Paul in Tashkent.

The newly opened Café Paul in Tashkent.

While I was in Tashkent, my favourite French patisserie chain, Paul, opened their first Uzbekistan branch at #60 Amir Temur Avenue (nearest metro stop – Minor). The cafe offers the usual menu of international dishes, fine French pastries and excellent coffee.

Both Giotto and Caffee’issimo (located a few blocks north of Paul on the same avenue) are also worth a visit.

Samarkand

The cosy interior of Cafe El-Merosi in Samarkand.

The cosy interior of Cafe El-Merosi in Samarkand.

For a city that attracts so many tourists, Samarkand offers surprisingly few cafes. One of the better ones is Coffee House El-Merosi which is part of the El-Merosi theatre.

Bukhara

One popular cafe in Bukhara is Cafe Wishbone, a German-owned establishment which is centrally located in the heart of the old town. Housed inside a grand 16th-century building, the cafe offers good coffee, lecker sandwiches and divine apple strudel.

Khiva

The cafe scene in Khiva is non-existent with nowhere offering decent coffee. A couple of restaurants in the old town (Terrassa & Cafe Zarafshon) offer passable coffee.

Bars

Sarbast is the local brew of choice, an easy-on-the palette lager beer.

Sarbast is the local brew of choice, an easy-on-the palette lager beer.

Tashkent

My favourite bar in Tashkent is the Chester British Pub which is located at 95 Amir Temur Avenue, a short walk from the Radisson Blu hotel. This pub offers outdoor and indoor seating with local craft beers on tap and an international menu which also includes Fish ‘n’ Chips! Blimey!

If you prefer to move on at some stage and sample other options, there are many bars, restaurants and cafes in this neighbourhood.

Elsewhere

While there are plenty of bars in Tashkent, options elsewhere are more limited. This is a predominately Muslim country! However, in most towns, restaurants serve alcohol.

The most popular beer throughout the country is Sarbast which is brewed by Carlsberg.

Visa Requirements

In order to encourage tourism, the Uzbek government has recently relaxed visa requirements and now allows citizens of 65 countries visa-free access.

To check your requirements, refer to the Visa policy of Uzbekistan.

Getting There

An Uzbekistan Airways flight ready to depart from Urgench airport.

An Uzbekistan Airways flight ready to depart from Urgench airport.

Air

There are no less than six international airports in Uzbekistan, which, in order of importance are:

Located 12 km (7.5 mi) from downtown, Tashkent International Airport serves as the base for the national carrier – Uzbekistan Airways. Like train stations, only passengers with a passport and ticket are allowed to enter the grounds of the airport.

The domestic terminal at Tashkent airport.

The domestic terminal at Tashkent airport.

The following airlines provide regularly scheduled flight to/ from Tashkent International airport:

  • Aeroflot – flies to/from Moscow–Sheremetyevo
  • Air Astana – flies to/from Almaty, Nur-Sultan
  • Air Manas – flies to/from Bishkek
  • Asiana Airlines – flies to/from Seoul–Incheon
  • Avia Traffic Company – flies to/from Bishkek
  • Azerbaijan Airlines – flies to/from Baku
  • China Southern Airlines – flies to/from Beijing–Capital, Ürümqi
  • flydubai – flies to/from Dubai–International
  • IrAero – flies to/from Irkutsk
  • Kam Air – flies to/from Kabul
  • Korean Air – flies to/from Seoul–Incheon
  • Rossiya – flies to/from Saint Petersburg
  • S7 Airlines – flies to/from Moscow–Domodedovo, Novosibirsk
  • SCAT Airlines – flies to/from Almaty
  • Turkish Airlines – flies to/from Istanbul
  • Ural Airlines – flies to/from Chelyabinsk, Krasnodar, Krasnoyarsk–Yemelyanovo, Nizhniy Novgorod, Rostov-on-Don, Samara, Sochi, Volgograd, Yekaterinburg
  • Utair – flies to/from Moscow–Vnukovo
  • Uzbekistan Airways – flies to/from Almaty, Amritsar, Andizhan, Baku, Bangkok–Suvarnabhumi, Beijing–Capital, Bishkek, Bukhara, Delhi, Dubai–International, Dushanbe, Fergana, Frankfurt, Irkutsk, Istanbul, Jakarta-Soekarno-Hatta, Jeddah, Kaliningrad, Karshi, Kazan, Khabarovsk, Krasnodar, Krasnoyarsk–Yemelyanovo, Kuala Lumpur–International, Lahore, London–Heathrow, Milan–Malpensa, Mineralnye Vody, Minsk, Moscow-Vnukovo, Mumbai, Namangan, Navoi, New York–JFK, Nizhnevartovsk, Novosibirsk, Nukus, Nur-Sultan, Paris–Charles de Gaulle, Riga, Rome–Fiumicino, Rostov-on-Don, Saint Petersburg, Samara, Samarkand, Seoul–Incheon, Sharjah, Sochi, Tbilisi, Tel Aviv, Termez, Tokyo–Narita, Tyumen, Ufa, Urgench, Ürümqi, Vladivostok, Voronezh, Yekaterinburg, Zarafshan
  • Yakutia Airlines – flies to/from Irkutsk
An Uzbekistan Airways boarding pass.

An Uzbekistan Airways boarding pass.

Airport Transport

The best means of transport between Tashkent airport and the city centre is a Yandex Taxi, which should cost between 20,000 – 30,000 som, depending on where you are heading.

Alternatively, bus #40 passes by the front of the terminal, on its way to the Central train station, which is a 15-minute ride and costs 1,200 som (payable on-board).

Land

Political map of Uzbekistan. Source: https://www.nationsonline.org

Political map of Uzbekistan.
Source: https://www.nationsonline.org

Land-locked Uzbekistan shares land borders with Kazakhstan, Turkmenistan, Kyrgyzstan, Tajikistan and Afghanistan.

  • Kazakhstan: situated to the north of Uzbekistan, shares a land border of 2,203 km (1,369 mi) which includes four international crossings.
  • Turkmenistan: situated to the south of Uzbekistan, shares a land border of 1,620 km (1,007 mi) which includes three international crossings.
  • Kyrgyzstan: situated to the east of Uzbekistan, shares a land border of 1,314 km (816 mi) with three international crossing points.
  • Tajikistan: also situated to the east of Uzbekistan, shares a land border of 1,312 km (815 m) which includes five international crossing points.
  • Afghanistan: Situated to the south of Uzbekistan, this is the shortest land border, with a length of just 144 km (90 mi). The border is defined by the course of the Amu Darya River. Due to the threat of terrorism, and the Uzbek governments campaign against Islamic extremists, this border is one of the most heavily fortified in the world, comparable with the border between North and South Korea.

Rail

The Tashkent to Moscow train at Tashkent station.

The Tashkent to Moscow train at Tashkent station.

International trains connect Uzbekistan (Tashkent) with Russia (Moscow and other cities) and Kazakhstan (Almaty) as follows:

  • Almaty: A direct, high-speed, Talgo train runs three times a week (Tuesday, Thursday, Sunday) between Tashkent and Almaty, with a journey time of 16 hours (10 hours faster than the previous train).
  • Moscow: Train number 6 leaves Moscow on Wednesday, Friday and Monday at 11:16 pm, arriving at Tashkent, 66-hours later on Saturday, Tuesday and Thursday at 9 pm.

Getting Around

Rail

The sleek, modern and fast 'Afrosiyob' train stands in stark contrast to the older, slower trains of Uzbekistan Railways.

The sleek, modern and fast ‘Afrosiyob’ train stands in stark contrast to the older, slower trains of Uzbekistan Railways.

Uzbekistan is the easiest country in Central Asia to explore thanks to an excellent rail network which connects all places of interest. Uzbekistan Railways operate the only high-speed trains in Central Asia, which travel at a top speed of 250 km/hr.

The Spanish-built Talgo trains, branded locally as the Afrosiyob, operate 7 days a week, connecting Tashkent with:

  • Samarkand: three trains a day travel between Tashkent and Samarkand (and vice-a-versa), a distance of 344 km, with a travel time of two hours.
  • Bukhara: two trains a day travel between Tashkent and Bukhara (and vice-a-versa), a distance of 600 km, with a journey time of 3 hours and 20 minutes. This train also stops en-route in Samarkand, providing a fast connection between Samarkand and Bukhara.
Like all train stations in Uzbekistan, Samarkand station is kept spotlessly clean, quiet, orderly and relaxed.

Like all train stations in Uzbekistan, Samarkand station is kept spotlessly clean, quiet, orderly and relaxed.

A high-speed line is currently being constructed to link Bukhara to Khiva, which will complete the Silk Road high-speed line. This is due to be completed in 2021. In the meantime, regular trains connect the two cities, covering the 455 km journey in 5.5 hours.

Train timetables, in Russian, are available on the Uzbekistan Railways website. An English version of the schedule is available on the seat61 website.

Booking Tickets

With its comfortable carriages, professional staff and fast connection times, the Afrosiyob is understandable very popular and is normally sold out days in advance. It’s best to purchase tickets as far in advance as possible, although I was once able to book a ticket from Samarkand to Tashkent one day before I travelled.

You can book tickets online from the Uzbekistan Railways website but, while there is an ‘English’ language option, everything reverts to Russian! I found it easiest to go to the station and book a ticket in person. When purchasing a ticket, you will need to provide your passport and payment is to be made in som cash (no credit cards accepted here!).

Travelling

All train stations in Uzbekistan are kept calm and relaxed thanks to the fact that only passengers with tickets are able to enter the station. All stations are surrounded by a security fence, which keeps everyone out, except for passengers who enter through a security gate where they must show their passport and ticket.

Once on the platform, smartly uniformed attendants will guide you to your seat. Easy!

Tashkent Metro

A map of the Tashkent Metro system.

A map of the Tashkent Metro system.

Opened in 1977, the Tashkent Metro is one of just two metro systems in Central Asia, with the other being in Almaty, Kazakhstan. Its stations are among the most ornate in the world, and unlike most ex-Soviet metros, the system is shallow (i.e. no long escalator rides required).

The metro operates on three lines (red, blue and green), with a total of 29 stations, and is the best way to travel around the capital. Like Almaty metro, payment is by way of a token which costs 1,200 som (US$0.15).

Bodomzor metro station lies on the green line.

Bodomzor metro station lies on the green line.

Due to a complete ban on photography, the metro remained a secret for decades. Apart from serving as a metro, the system’s secondary role is as a nuclear bomb shelter, and as such it is considered a military installation.

It was illegal to take pictures inside the metro system, or any of the stations, until 31 May 2018. Since the 1st of June 2018, photography is allowed, and at no stage was I asked to stop photographing. Many of the stations feature amazing artwork.

Uzbekistan Travel Guide: All Tashkent metro stations were built to serve as nuclear bomb shelters and are fitted with bomb-proof doors at all access points.

All Tashkent metro stations were built to serve as nuclear bomb shelters and are fitted with bomb-proof doors at all access points.

The depth of the metro’s underground tunnels varies between 8–25 metres (26–82 ft). The strong construction of these three lines can resist earthquakes of a magnitude of 9.0 on the Richter scale.

A Tashkent metro train operating on the green line.

A Tashkent metro train operating on the green line.

Tashkent Buses

A bus in downtown Tashkent.

A bus in downtown Tashkent.

Frequent, modern and clean public buses connect all points in Tashkent, including the airport (#40), with a single ride ticket costing 1,200 som (US$0.15).

Taxi

Yandex Taxi is an online ride-sharing service which was launched in 2011 and is now present in most of Central Asia, including Tashkent. Unfortunately, Yandex is not active in Bukhara or Khiva, which leaves travellers at the mercy of the (ruthless) taxi drivers.

In 2018, Yandex and Uber merged their operations in the region. The Yandex app can be downloaded onto a smartphone and, in terms of functionality, is very similar to Uber.

Shared Taxi

View of the excellent highway which connects Bukhara to Khiva.

View of the excellent highway which connects Bukhara to Khiva.

Shared taxis provides the fastest transport option between those points not served by the Afrosiyob train.

Thanks to a newly built, concrete, dual-lane highway between Bukhara and Khiva, the 455 km journey takes just five hours with taxis averaging 120 – 140 km/h along most of the route. Taxis carry four passengers and on the Bukhara to Khiva route, charge 100,000 som (USD$10.60) per place.


Video:

I filmed the following video while driving in a shared taxi along the new highway from Bukhara to Khiva.


 

When travelling to any of the borders, shared taxis are the best bet as they travel from border to border, allowing you to cross quickly (by yourself) then connecting with another taxi on the other side. Any crossing done on a bus or train can take hours while you sit around and wait for all passengers to be processed.

Rental Car

An Uzbekistan car license plate.

An Uzbekistan car license plate.

The concept of car rental is almost unknown in Uzbekistan and, with such excellent public transport options, is not really needed. The only international company represented in Tashkent is Sixt. The Radisson Blu hotel in Tashkent can organise car rental, which will include a driver.

Interestingly, the most popular brand of car in Uzbekistan is Chevrolet, which are mass-produced at a GM plant in Asaka. The most popular car colour is white which, I was told, is preferred by most Uzbek drivers as it minimises the effects of summer heat. Due to the demand for white cars, consumers pay more for them than any other colour.

 


That’s the end of my Uzbekistan Travel Guide.

Safe Travels!

Darren


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Further Reading

Other travel reports from the Central Asia region:

Additional blogs, articles and information on Uzbekistan are available on the Indy Guide website.

Uzbekistan Travel Guide Uzbekistan Travel Guide  Uzbekistan Travel Guide  Uzbekistan Travel Guide  Uzbekistan Travel Guide  Uzbekistan Travel Guide 

Uzbekistan Travel Guide Uzbekistan Travel Guide  Uzbekistan Travel Guide  Uzbekistan Travel Guide  Uzbekistan Travel Guide  Uzbekistan Travel Guide 

Uzbekistan Travel Guide Uzbekistan Travel Guide  Uzbekistan Travel Guide  Uzbekistan Travel Guide  Uzbekistan Travel Guide  Uzbekistan Travel Guide 

Uzbekistan Travel Guide Uzbekistan Travel Guide  Uzbekistan Travel Guide  Uzbekistan Travel Guide  Uzbekistan Travel Guide  Uzbekistan Travel Guide 

Uzbekistan Travel Guide Uzbekistan Travel Guide  Uzbekistan Travel Guide  Uzbekistan Travel Guide  Uzbekistan Travel Guide  Uzbekistan Travel Guide 

Travel Quiz 14: Crescent Moon Flags

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Crescent Moon Flags Quiz

This is a Crescent Moon Flags Quiz from taste2travel!

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Tajikistan Travel Guide

The truly breath-taking Karakul lake is located in the middle of nowhere, at an elevation of 3,960 m (12,990 ft).

Tajikistan Travel Guide

Welcome to the taste2travel Tajikistan Travel Guide!

Date Visited: July 2019

Introduction

Tajikistan is described as the The Roof of the World and, with more than half of the country lying above an elevation of 3,000 metres (9,800 ft), it is home to some of the highest mountains on earth. While the country encompasses the smallest amount of land among the five Central Asian states, in terms of elevation, it surpasses them all!

A view, from Tajikistan, of the soaring peaks of the Hindu Kush mountain range in neighbouring Afghanistan.

A view, from Tajikistan, of the soaring peaks of the Hindu Kush mountain range in neighbouring Afghanistan.

A big draw for visitors to Tajikistan is the opportunity to travel along the infamous Pamir highway, a gruelling, alpine highway which connects Tajikistan with neighbouring Kyrgyzstan. The road is named after the Pamir mountain range, through which it travels. The Pamir range, which occupies all of eastern Tajikistan, is majestic and awe-inspiring with peaks soaring to over 7,000 metres (23,000 ft).

A view from the Pamir highway near the town of Murgab.

A view from the Pamir highway near the town of Murgab.

Largely unpaved, the Pamir highway stretches for 1,660 km through rugged, spectacular, remote, unforgiving landscapes, connecting the Tajik capital of Dushanbe with the city of Osh in the south of Kyrgyzstan. The Pamirs are remote, a challenging destination for body, mind and soul.

No shortage of spectacular mountain scenery along the Pamir highway.

No shortage of spectacular mountain scenery along the Pamir highway.

Tajikistan is the poorest country in Central Asia and is best suited to intrepid travellers who don’t mind some hardship. In many remote towns, especially along the Pamir highway, facilities for tourists are very basic with traditional family ‘home-stays’ (always with smelly, out-house, pit toilets, outdoor showers, very basic meals and mattresses on the floor in shared rooms) being the only accommodation options.

Despite the rigours, a journey through Tajikistan is a rewarding and memorable experience.

Location

Dushanbe, Tajikistan

A land-locked country in Central Asia, Tajikistan is bordered by Kyrgyzstan on the north, China on the east, Afghanistan on the south, and Uzbekistan on the west and northwest.

Looking across the Panj river to neighbouring Afghanistan in the Wakhan valley.

Looking across the Panj river to neighbouring Afghanistan in the Wakhan valley.

The country includes the Gorno-Badakhshan autonomous region, with its capital at Khorog, which lies across the Panj river from neighbouring Afghanistan.

People

A young Tajik girl, enjoying a day out at Hissar fort near Dushanbe.

A young Tajik girl, enjoying a day out at Hissar fort near Dushanbe.

The Tajiks

A Tajik wedding party visiting Hissar fort.

A Tajik wedding party visiting Hissar fort.

With a total population of 9,275,828 – Tajikistan is mostly inhabited by the Tajiks (who comprise four-fifths of the population), an Iranian people, speaking a variety of Persian. The Tajiks have lived in Central Asia for millennia but today are to be found in Tajikistan, Afghanistan and Uzbekistan. Russian is used as an inter-ethnic language with very few people speaking English or any other foreign languages.

The Tajiks are generally reserved, and will not go out of their way to interact with strangers, but are friendly when addressed.

The Pamiris

Making up the other one-fifth of the population are the Pamiris, an Iranian ethnic group who are native to the Gorno-Badakhshan Autonomous Region, which is bisected by the Pamir highway.

The Pamiris are different to the Tajiks in many ways; from their physical features, to their traditional dress, their unique culture and traditions. One notable difference is that Pamiri women traditionally enjoy fewer restrictions than do Tajik women. They are very visible and active in all spheres of society, participating in most activities, equally, alongside men.

The Pamiris of Tajikistan share a unique culture with other Pamiri communities which lie across the borders in neighbouring Afghanistan and (Xinjiang) China.

Flag

The flag of Tajikistan.

The flag of Tajikistan.

The national flag of Tajikistan was adopted in 1992, following independence from the former Soviet Union, and consists of three horizontal stripes in red, white and green. In the middle of the white stripe, there’s an emblem displaying a gold crown with seven stars above.

The ‘red’ of the flag represents the sun, victory and triumph while the ‘white’ represents the moral purity of the people and the snow on the mountain tops (of which there are many in Tajikistan). The ‘green’ symbolises both agriculture and the spiritual essence of Islam, the dominate religion of the country.

The crown represents the Tajik people while the seven stars reference the number “seven” which is important in Tajik culture, being a symbol of perfection and the embodiment of happiness.

The giant 350-kg flag of Tajikistan, flying in downtown Dushanbe. The flag measures 60 m X 30 m.

The giant 350-kg flag of Tajikistan, flying in downtown Dushanbe. The flag measures 60 m X 30 m.

The crown and stars are hard to replicate on hand-painted flags, so they are normally omitted, leaving many flags looking like a horizontal version of the Italian flag.

Currency

Brand new 10 somoni notes, which feature Mir Said Ali Hamadoni (1314-1384), a Tajik thinker and poet.

Brand new 10 somoni notes, which feature Mir Said Ali Hamadoni (1314-1384), a Tajik thinker and poet.

The Tajik somoni  (currency code: TJS) is the currency of Tajikistan. At the time of my visit (July 2019), USD$1 was buying 9.43 TJS, which buys much more in Tajikistan than what $1 buys in the United States. To check the current rate against the USD, click here.

Issued by the National Bank of Tajikistan, the currency is named after the father of the Tajik nation, Ismail Samani (also spelled Ismoil Somoni).

Money Matters

One of the few Kazkom ATM's, located opposite the TSUM department store, on Rudaki avenue, in Dushanbe.

One of the few Kazkom ATM’s, located opposite the TSUM department store, on Rudaki avenue, in Dushanbe.

Tajikistan is purely a cash society, with credit cards almost never accepted. The black economy is alive and thriving, with everyone eager to conceal their earnings from the tax authorities. Even deluxe hotels, or expensive electronic shops in Dushanbe, will insist on cash payment for everything – this often involves a trip to the bank!

However, therein lies the problem!

While Visa cards are accepted by many banks, MasterCard and American Express are only accepted by one bank, the Kazakhstan-based Kazkom (now part of Halyk Bank). The bank maintains a limited number of branches in Dushanbe and Khujand.

Their one ATM in Dushanbe, which accepts Mastercard, can be found on Rudaki avenue, next door to the Segafredo cafe, opposite the Tsum department store.

If you do rely on these cards, and will be entering Tajikistan along the Pamir highway from Kyrgyzstan, your first chance to use an ATM will be in Dushanbe. You’ll need to ensure you have enough cash (USD or Tajik Somoni) to cover all expenses prior to leaving Osh.

Costs

Tajikistan is a destination which can be enjoyed, even on the most stringent of budgets!

Travel costs in Tajikistan can only be described as a bargain. Always, when it came time to settle a bill, I was pleasantly surprised by how cheap everything was. As an example, a meal of fresh salad, a couple of beers, a couple of Shashlik kebabs plus fresh bread would cost me 60 TJS (US$6.00). I never complained!

Sample costs: 

  • Coca Cola (0.33 litre bottle): 4.33 TJS (US$0.46)
  • Water (0.33 litre bottle): 3.00 TJS (US$0.32)
  • Cappuccino (at Segafredo cafe in Dushanbe): 13 TJS (US$1.38)
  • Bus Ticket within Dushanbe: 1.20 TJS (US$0.13)
  • Yandex taxi within downtown Dushanbe: 6 TJS (US$0.64)
  • Litre of fuel: 7.80 TJS (US$0.83)
  • Meal (inexpensive restaurant): 60 TJS (US$6.35)
  • Meal for 2 (mid-range restaurant): 100 TJS (US$10.59)
  • Dorm bed in a budget hostel (City Hostel Dushanbe):  170 TJS (US$18)
  • Room in a mid-range hotel (Hotel Shumon Dushanbe): 548 TJS (US$58)
  • Room in a top-end hotel (Hyatt Regency Dushanbe): 1,600 TJS (US$170)

Internet Connectivity

Terrible! Terrible! Terrible!

Tajikistan has one of the slowest internet services in the world, according to Cable.co.uk, who rank 210 countries and territories in terms of internet download speeds. From their website you can download the complete excel table which places Tajikistan in position #193 of 210, with an average download speed of 1.05 mbps.

Not only is internet very slow, but it’s unavailable in most parts of the country. The only towns along the 1660 km of the Pamir highway where you’ll (possibly) be able to access free Wi-Fi is in the regional capital of Khorog and in Kalai-khumb. In the remote town of Murgab, the Pamir Hotel (the only hotel in town) do not provide Wi-Fi. There’s a T-Cell shop in Murgab where you can invest in a local SIM card with a data package.

Politics

A government building in Panjakent, featuring an (obligatory) image of President Emomali Rahmon.

A government building in Panjakent, featuring an (obligatory) image of President Emomali Rahmon.

You can be sure that in any country where the President has created a personality cult around himself, that the politics is rotten! All government buildings in Tajikistan are emblazoned with giant-sized images of President Emomali Rahmon while his image appears elsewhere in many other places.

Following independence from the Soviet Union in 1991, Tajikistan spiralled into a civil war which lasted from 1992 until 1997. During this tumultuous period, Rahmon was elected President (in 1994) and has been in the post ever since – another autocratic ruler in a region which is rife with them!

Tajikistan bills itself as a ‘democracy’, but it’s all a façade. A Tajik told me that, when it comes time to vote, staff at each polling station provide clear instructions on who to vote for! Not surprisingly, the President keeps winning each election! Western observers report that Tajikistan has not held a free or fair election since 1992.

The President has appointed many of his family members to senior government posts. Government controls many aspects of business and society in Tajikistan – a country which is a classic example of a ‘kleptocracy’.

Within this environment, corruption flourishes on all levels. The most visible form of corruption is the huge number of police officers who spend their day not fighting crime but, rather, supplementing their meagre salary by stopping random motorists at impromptu checkpoints and looking for ‘problems’. Everyone knows the drill! If a problem is found, a small payment is made and away you go.

Throughout the countryside, Tajikistan police still maintain the old Soviet-era checkpoints, which always block your way with a boom gate across the road. Once payment has been made, the gate will open. These are less checkpoints and more toll gates.

Laundry Service

The entrance to the only (kilo-wash) laundry I could find in Dushanbe.

The entrance to the only (kilo-wash) laundry I could find in Dushanbe.

The curse of all modern travellers is dirty laundry! At some stage, even a busy nomad needs to take timeout from exploring the world to do laundry.

Unless you use a hostel, or and expensive hotel laundry service, it is a challenge to find a laundromat in Dushanbe.

I found one dry-cleaner, who is located in the basement of the Sadbarg Trade Centre which offers a 24-hour, wash/ dry/ fold service for 15 TJS per kilo. Highly recommended!

Sightseeing

A map of Tajikistan shows my journey, entering from Kyrgyzstan and exiting into Uzbekistan.

A map of Tajikistan shows my journey, entering from Kyrgyzstan and exiting into Uzbekistan.

The sightseeing section is arranged in the order in which I travelled through Tajikistan, from the east along the Pamir highway to the capital, Dushanbe then exiting in the west into Uzbekistan. 

Pamir Highway

A seven-day trip from Osh (Kyrgyzstan) to Dushanbe (Tajikistan).

The view north from the lofty Akbaital Pass 4,655 metres (15,272 ft).

The view north from the lofty Akbaital Pass 4,655 metres (15,272 ft).

Ever since I journeyed along the Karakorum Highway in 1995, crossing between China and Pakistan at the famous Karakorum Pass – 4,693 metres (15,397 ft) – I’ve wanted to travel the other great highway – the Pamir. I got to realise the dream in July of 2019!

The M41 (the international road designation for the Pamir Highway) is the second-highest international highway in the world, after the nearby Karakorum Highway. The highest pass on the Pamir is Akbaital Pass which is a whisker shy of the height of the Karakorum pass at 4,655 metres (15,272 ft).

Like the nearby Karakorum, the Pamir Highway is a high-altitude adventure, an epic road which winds its way across high desert plateau’s, past stunningly beautiful, alpine lakes, past towering, glacier-covered peaks and over mountain passes which seem to want to swallow you.

There’s no public transport on the Pamir highway. Traffic is very sparse, distances are vast with huge expanses of nothing, in between small settlements. Either you come with your own means of transport, hire a driver with a car (which I did!) or be very patient and wait in different, remote towns to hitch a ride.

Organising a Tour

A popular means of travelling the lonely highway, for those independent travellers without their own transport, is to join a shared 4WD trip from Osh. These can be very economical and include car, plus driver, and all associated expenses for the two.

I organised a seven day trip from Osh to Dushanbe, through Budget Asia Tour (email: budgetasiatour@gmail.com) who operate out of the very humble Osh Guest house in Osh. They seem to enjoy a monopoly on operations along the highway as everyone was travelling with them.

The company organises different random travellers into groups of a maximum of 4 then provides them with a 4WD and driver. Beyond the car and driver, nothing else is organised. It’s a bare-bones trip!

Tour Costs

The cost of the trip is worked out on a per vehicle charge of USD$0.65 per km. The trip I undertook covered a total of 1,660 km which resulted in a cost of USD$1079 for the vehicle.

Added to this amount is a charge of USD$15 per day to cover the cost of food and accommodation for the driver. The total cost for a vehicle with driver over 1,660 km was USD$1184. I shared my car with one other couple so the three of us paid a total of USD$395 for the 7-day trip.

An optional extra allows passengers to pay USD$25 per day to have all their accommodation and meal costs paid by the driver.

Accommodation is provided in basic home-stays (because there is no other option). This is a journey of hardship which is best suited to intrepid travellers! Most towns along the highway offer very basic accommodation, outdoor ‘pit’ toilets, either a single bed or mattress on the floor in shared rooms plus very basic, home-cooked meals.

Day 1: Osh – Tulparkul (Kyrgyzstan)

Located at 3,000 metres (9,842 ft), Tulparkul lake in Southern Kyrgyzstan.

Located at 3,000 metres (9,842 ft), Tulparkul lake in Southern Kyrgyzstan.

Although day one of the trip was spent in Kyrgyzstan, I’ve included it here for completeness. 

On the 1st day of the trip, we departed from Osh and drove south, crossing over two passes – the Taldyk pass, which is the highest pass in Kyrgyzstan at 3,615 m (11,860 ft) and the Chyirchyk pass, which is a minnow at just 2,408 m (7,874 ft).

After descending the passes, we arrived for lunch in the last town in Kyrgyzstan, the remote, alpine settlement of Sary Tash. Although located on an isolated alpine plain, this tiny town is a key junction for the southern region.

Just south of town, a junction allows you to make a left turn for China (and travel within a few hours onto Kashgar via the border town of Irkeshtam). You can also turn right and take a faster road to Tajikistan, and onto Dushanbe, via the border town of Karamyk. Or you can continue due south and take the meandering Pamir highway through the Gorno-Badakhshan autonomous region of Tajikistan. We would take the later (the following morning), but first we had a detour to our first overnight stop.

The snow-covered Lenin Peak (7,134 metres / 23,406 ft) marks the border between Kyrgyzstan and Tajikistan.

The snow-covered Lenin Peak (7,134 metres / 23,406 ft) marks the border between Kyrgyzstan and Tajikistan.

For our first overnight stop, we made a left turn and travelled west to the sleepy settlement of Sary Mogul. From here, we headed off road, crossed a river and drove inland for 35 km, along a dusty track, towards the looming summit of Lenin Peak (7,134 metres / 23,406 ft) which sits on the border between Kyrgyzstan and Tajikistan.

A herd of Yaks grazing on the shores of Tulparkul lake.

A herd of Yaks grazing on the shores of Tulparkul lake.

Lying in the shadow of Lenin peak is the beautiful Tulparkul lake (3,000 metres / 9,842 ft), which is surrounded by soft, green mountain slopes upon which a cheeky herd of yaks was grazing.

My yurt at the Lenin Peak yurt camp. I like to practice an 'open door' policy when staying in yurts.

My yurt at the Lenin Peak yurt camp. I like to practice an ‘open door’ policy when staying in yurts.

The shores of the lake are also home to a yurt camp which was our accommodation for the 1st night. The camp is used by travellers on the Pamir highway and the odd mountaineering group who use the camp to prepare for climbs to the summit of Lenin Peak.

Day 2: Tulparkul – Karakul (Tajikistan)

A last view back into Kyrgyzstan from the Kyzylart Pass.

A last view back into Kyrgyzstan from the Kyzylart Pass.

The following morning, after a totally unremarkable breakfast of stale bread, tea and a strange egg concoction, we headed to Tajikistan. First stop was the Kyzylart Pass (4,280 m / 14,042 ft), which forms the border between Kyrgyzstan and Tajikistan. The landscape around the pass is rugged and dry, with the most beautiful ochre-coloured hills and green fields. The pass also marks the start of the Pamir Highway odyssey.

Crossing into Tajikistan from Kyrgyzstan at the Kyzylart Pass.

Crossing into Tajikistan from Kyrgyzstan at the Kyzylart Pass.

From the pass, we headed down to the border then, eventually, onto the Pamir plateau toward Karakul Lake, the highest part of the Pamir highway.

Views from the Pamir highway, north of Karakul lake.

Views from the Pamir highway, north of Karakul lake.

The landscapes on the Pamir Plateau are arid and colourful, with lots of different minerals turning whole mountains into something resembling an artist’s palette.

The Pamir highway travels alongside a continuous barbed-wire fence which was built by the Chinese as a border fortification.

The Pamir highway travels alongside a continuous barbed-wire fence which was built by the Chinese as a border fortification.

The Pamir highway follows alongside the Chinese/ Tajikistan border, which is demarcated by a barbed-wire fence which runs for the entire 414 km (257 mi) length of the border. The fence was installed in the early 1990’s, following the collapse of the Soviet Union and the onset of civil war in Tajikistan.

The truly breath-taking Karakul lake is located in the middle of nowhere, at an elevation of 3,960 m (12,990 ft).

The truly breath-taking Karakul lake is located in the middle of nowhere, at an elevation of 3,960 m (12,990 ft).

Fifty kilometres south of the border, the most spectacular vision came into sight – the shimmering, turquoise-blue, Karakul lake. Located alongside the Pamir highway, the spectacular ‘Karakul’ (means ‘Black lake) lies at the centre of an ancient asteroid impact crater. The lake sits at an elevation of 3,960 m (12,990 ft), reaches a maximum depth of 230 metres and has no outlet. Located near the shore of the lake, the small settlement of Karakul was our second stop for the night, a less-than-deluxe home-stay.

Day 3: Karakul – Murgab

No shortage of stupendous views at Lake Karakul.

No shortage of stupendous views at Lake Karakul.

The next morning, after another unremarkable breakfast, we continued our journey south to the first large settlement in Tajikistan, the isolated outpost of Murgab. With just 135 km of driving on OK roads, today was the most leisurely, and allowed us plenty of time to spend at Akbaital pass, the highest pass on the Pamir highway at 4,655 metres (15,272 ft).

Murgab

The Lenin statue in Murgab.

A statue of Lenin graces the main square of Murgab.

Murgab is the capital of the district of the same name and holds the distinction of being the highest town in Tajikistan (and of the former Soviet Union) at 3,650 m/ 11,975 ft above sea level.

The residents of Murgab add a splash of colour to their homes by painting colourful flowers and trees onto the white adobe walls.

The residents of Murgab add a splash of colour to their homes by painting colourful flowers and trees onto the white adobe walls.

The town, which has a real frontier feel to it, consists of adobe-mud structures, shops housed in shipping containers and a couple of concrete, government buildings. It’s home to a population of 4,000 hardy souls.

A road from Murgab branches off the Pamir highway, leading to the nearby Chinese border post at the Kulma Pass (4,362.7 m/ 14,313 ft), which is a short drive from Kashgar.

A road sign in Murgab indicates distances to towns which lie north along the Pamir Highway.

A road sign in Murgab indicates distances to towns which lie north along the Pamir Highway.

My stay coincided with a spectacular thunderstorm which apparently is a rarity in these parts. It’s interesting to hear thunder when you’re at such a high elevation – it claps just above your head.

Day 4: Murgab – Langer

A view from the Pamir highway near the village of Alichur.

A view from the Pamir highway near the village of Alichur.

Day four involved a long, gruelling, 10-hour drive of 280 km which would start in Murgab, on the high Pamir plateau, and end in Langer, a village in the Wakhan Valley, overlooking Afghanistan.

Rabat Sasök-Kul is located alongside the Pamir highway, near the village of Alichur.

Rabat Sasök-Kul is located alongside the Pamir highway, near the village of Alichur.

The landscapes along the Pamir highway vary greatly, with turquoise lakes, and their green verges, providing a splash of colour in the otherwise arid environment.

The astonishing fresh-water spring near to the village of Alichur.

The astonishing fresh-water spring near to the village of Alichur.

One of the more spectacular sights in the morning of day 4, was a large, natural, crystal-clear, fresh-water spring which had ‘greened’ the surrounding countryside. The spring is located beside the highway and contains freshwater fish, which can be cooked for lunch by the family of custodians who live nearby.

Bulunkul Lake

A panoramic photo of Bulunkul lake.

A panoramic photo of Bulunkul lake.

Located in the Alichur Valley, some 20 km north of the Pamir Highway along a dusty, heavily corrugated track, is the incredibly beautiful Bulunkul lake. There are 846 lakes in the Pamir, most of them of tectonic origin.

Although very shallow, reaching a maximum depth of just 6 metres, Lake Bulunkul is one of the more picturesque lakes in Tajikistan, and, in the Soviet days, was thoughtfully stocked with Gibel carp.

During the long winter months, fishing is impossible as the lake freezes over with up to a metre of ice cover. However, in the summer months, the water thaws and the fish are easily caught as they gather to feed along the densely vegetated shoreline of the lake.

The Gibel carp reaches a length of 32 cm and a weight of 1 kg. Locals at a home-stay in the nearby village of Bulunkul fried some of the carp for us to enjoy for lunch, it was the best lunch anywhere in the Pamirs!

Reality or a painting? Different minerals provide a colourful backdrop to the very real Bulunkul lake.

Reality or a painting? Different minerals provide a colourful backdrop to the very real Bulunkul lake.

The village of Bulunkul holds the distinction of being one of the coldest inhabited places in the former Soviet Union, with a record minimum temperature of -63 degrees Celsius recorded. Ouch! Despite the harsh conditions, the locals are extremely friendly and welcoming and offer home-stay accommodation for those wanting to stay.

Tajikistan Travel Guide: The shallow waters of Bulunkul lake are frozen for much of the year.

The shallow waters of Bulunkul lake are frozen for much of the year.

Khargush Pass

On the very remote and lonely road south to the Khargush pass (4,344m / 14,251ft).

On the very remote and lonely road south to the Khargush pass (4,344m / 14,251ft).

A turnoff, from the Pamir highway near Bulunkul lake, took us onto a rough, corrugated, (4WD-only) road which would lead us, after several hours, to the Khargush pass at 4,344 m / 14,251 ft. Once you cross the pass, you start the decent into the Wakhan valley, with the incredibly vertical Hindu Kush range in neighbouring Afghanistan, spread out before you.

This road is very isolated and sees almost no traffic. We were stopped by one, lone Italian cyclist who was miles from anywhere and had run out of water. We gave him two bottles of water and some food. If you are cycling, there are few streams along this route, no settlements and almost no traffic. The sun is baking hot and the landscape arid and parched (as you will be). We didn’t pass any other vehicles while driving here.

Wahkan Valley

My first views of Afghanistan (other side of the river) and the upper Wakhan valley, at which point the Panj river is just a stream.

My first views of Afghanistan (other side of the river) and the upper Wakhan valley, at which point the Panj river is just a stream.

After descending the pass, the road winds its way down into the Wakhan valley where it meets the Panj river, a river which forms the border between Tajikistan and Afghanistan.

Spectacular views across the Wakhan valley into Afghanistan, which is dominated by the dramatic Hindu Kush mountain range.

Spectacular views across the Wakhan valley into Afghanistan, which is dominated by the dramatic Hindu Kush mountain range.

Once we had entered the Wakhan valley, we had an almost-straight run into Langer, our next overnight stop. For the next 70 km, it was slow going as the narrow, gravel road wound its way up into the mountains (with sheer drops into the river far below) and then plunged back down to the river, before climbing again then plunging again.

We eventually arrived in Langer, the first Pamiri town on our trip. Friendly locals greeted us at every turn and, across the river, Afghanistan was glowing in the afternoon sunlight. We had arrived in a very different world! It was wonderful.

Day 5: Langer – Khorog

A sweeping view over the Wahkan valley from the ruins at Yamchun Fort.

A sweeping view over the Wahkan valley from the ruins at Yamchun Fort.

Day five of the odyssey had us drive driving along the banks of the Panj river from tiny Langer to the regional capital of Khorog.

The Wahkan valley consists of a string of small, green Pamiri villages which line the banks of the turbulent Panj river.

The Wahkan valley consists of a string of small, green Pamiri villages which line the banks of the turbulent Panj river.

The road along the river passes through numerous green, Pamiri villages, where the fertile land is intensively cultivated. At Yamchun village, we turned inland and headed up a steep, narrow (one lane, but two-way), gravel road which eventually opened out on a high bluff where we found the ruins of Yamchun Fort.

Yamchun Fort is built on a natural bluff which occupies a commanding position, high above the Wahkan valley.

Yamchun Fort is built on a natural bluff which occupies a commanding position, high above the Wahkan valley.

The ruins of the fort are located at a height of 3,000 m (9,842 ft), and sit 400 m above the valley of the Panj river. The fort offers commanding views over the entire Wakhan corridor and across into Afghanistan. The triangular-shaped fortress was built on a mountainside and is protected on two sides by deep gorges.

The entrance to Bibi Fatima springs, which lie a short drive from Yamchun fort.

The entrance to Bibi Fatima springs, which lie a short drive from Yamchun fort.

A few kilometres up the road from the fort lies Bibi Fatima springs, a stop I had been dreaming about. While most home-stays provide very basic shower facilities, you cannot beat a warm, mineral bath, direct from nature.

The springs themselves are just a simple concrete room built against the rock face where the hot water emerges from a series of pipes. The water is drinkable (at least the locals drink it, and I followed their lead) and after a short soak my skin was soft, glowing and rejuvenated.

Separate bathing rooms are provided for men and woman with entrance (for tourists) costing a mere 10 TJS.

Day 6: Khorog – Kalai Khumb

A road on the Afghanistan side of the Panj river which has been carved out of the cliff face.

A road on the Afghanistan side of the Panj river which has been carved out of the cliff face.

The sixth day of driving took us 242 km further north along the Pamir highway, from the regional capital of Khorog to the town of Kalai-Khumb (pop: 1,600). The road follows the Panj river, which is further enlarged with several significant inflows.

Afghan road workers carving the road out of a cliff face using a single jackhammer.

Afghan road workers carving the road out of a cliff face using a single jackhammer.

In one place, we could observe Afghan road workers using a jackhammer to carve the road out of a cliff face. The road on the Afghan side of the river is very basic, a simple gravel strip carved out of the sheer cliff faces, with no safety railings anywhere in sight.

The Tajikistan-Afghanistan Friendship Bridge spans the Panj river at Darvaz.

The Tajikistan-Afghanistan Friendship Bridge spans the Panj river at Darvaz.

The appearance of the Tajikistan-Afghanistan Friendship bridge meant that we were now close to Kalai-Khumb, a town which was used by Soviet troops as a staging post during the Soviet-Afghanistan war, which lasted from 1979-1989.

If you’re travelling from Dushanbe, Kalai-Khumb marks the start of your Pamir highway adventure. This small, relaxing, pleasant town is home to the best hotel anywhere in the Pamir region (refer to the ‘Accommodation‘ section for more).

Day 7: Kalai-Khumb – Dushanbe

After six, long, enduring days, bouncing along rough, gravel roads all the way from Kyrgyzstan, it was a pleasant surprise to arrive back onto a freshly asphalted highway – a real highway at last! Day seven involved the most kilometres travelled, but it was one of the shortest days of driving!

After so many days of following along the Panj river we waved goodbye to Afghanistan and headed inland to the southern city of Kulab, at this point we also said goodbye to the Pamir region. After a leisurely lunch in Kulab, we made the final drive to Dushanbe, along a fast road with various tunnels.

Everyone was happy to have completed the journey. We said our goodbyes, and I checked into my comfortable hotel room – where I took a siesta!

Dushanbe

Dushanbe, the capital of Tajikistan, is located in the historic Hissar Valley. Unlike other capitals in Central Asia, Dushanbe is small and compact and easily covered on foot in a day. The city has a population of 770,000.

There are a small cluster of sights located downtown and the, less-than-remarkable, Hissar fort which is located 30 km from the centre. The city is rather charmless and soulless, not my favourite place in the world. The government has embarked on a series of projects to create museums, parks and the worlds (now 2nd) tallest flagpole.

Flag Pole Park

At 165 metres (541 feet), the Dushanbe flagpole is the 2nd tallest in the world.

At 165 metres (541 feet), the Dushanbe flagpole is the 2nd tallest in the world.

It’s hard to miss Dushanbe flagpole, the most dominate feature on the city’s skyline. When it was installed in 2011, the 165 metre (541 feet) flagpole was the tallest in the world. Then in 2014, the Saudi government inaugurated the 171 m Jeddah flagpole.

The flag, which is raised and lowered each day at sunrise and sunset, is 30 m × 60 m (98 ft × 197 ft) and weighs 700 kilograms (1,540 pounds). Due to its weight, the flag only flutters in a stiff breeze, which is normally each afternoon.

National Museum of Tajikistan

The National Museum of Tajikistan, as seen from the flagpole.

The National Museum of Tajikistan, as seen from the flagpole.

Also in flagpole park is the National Museum of Tajikistan which I would nominate as one of the most least engaging national museums anywhere in the world. Opened in 2013, the museum consists of 21 exhibition halls over four floors. The displays, which cover the history, culture, fauna and flora of Tajikistan are very ho-hum!

A display hall at the Tajikistan National Museum, featuring works by local artists.

A display hall at the Tajikistan National Museum, featuring works by local artists.

The museum is open every day from 10:00 to 17:00, except Monday.

Rudaki Park

Located in Rudaki park, a statue of Rudaki stands in front of a beautiful mosaic archway which features astronomical bodies.

Located in Rudaki park, a statue of Rudaki stands in front of a beautiful mosaic archway which features astronomical bodies.

Across the road from Flag Pole park is Rudaki park, which has an interesting monument to the great poet, at its core. A bronze statue of Rudaki lies beneath a huge mosaic arch which features astronomical bodies and other-worldly designs. It’s especially nice to photograph at dusk.

Ismoili Somoni Statue

The Ismoili Somoni Statue illuminated at sunset.

The Ismoili Somoni Statue illuminated at sunset.

A short stroll from Rudaki park, is one of Dushanbe’s most iconic monuments, the Ismoili Somoni Statue. This art deco-inspired monument celebrates the 10th-century founder of the Samanid dynasty. It’s also nice to photograph at dusk when the setting sun illuminates the gold casing of the monument.

The Parchan

The Parchan was built to commemorate Tajikistan's independence.

The Parchan was built to commemorate Tajikistan’s independence.

Located at the other end of the mall from the Ismoili Somoni Statue is the Parchan, a monument which was built to commemorate Tajikistan’s independence.

An interesting thing happened while I was photographing this monument, which I assumed to be constructed from polished white marble. I saw locals tapping on the white panels of the monument and it sounded hollow. Out of curiosity, I too tapped the panels and found that the monument is constructed from ‘faux-marble’ plastic panels. It seemed to be a fitting metaphor for Dushanbe – all is not what it seems!

TSUM Department Store

The very retro TSUM department store.

The very retro TSUM department store.

During the Soviet era, every capital city had a TSUM (or GUM) department store. This was the place where locals, and tourists travelling with In-tourist, would be able to spend their currency on souvenirs, clothes, trinkets and anything else one might desire from behind the iron curtain.

While in every other capital, the old fashioned TSUM have been modernised and turned into glitzy malls, the one in Dushanbe still retains its original look and feel. While the outside of the building is distinctly modern, the dated interior harks back to a bygone era.

Hissar fortress

The main entrance to the Hissar fortress, which lies on the outskirts of Dushanbe.

The main entrance to the Hissar fortress, which lies on the outskirts of Dushanbe.

Hmm! Disappointing! Why is it the Tajik government feels the need to ‘modernise’ their ruined, historical structures? Hissar fortress, which lies 30 km from downtown Dushanbe (a Yandex taxi will cost you 60 somani), was built 2,500 years ago, but you wouldn’t know it.

Like other historical structures around the country, the government has spent time and money to ‘redecorate/ modernise/ vandalise’ this historical sight. Adding to the insult, they have installed a row of modern shops beyond the entrance archway. The Tajiks love it! It’s so modern!

Panjakent

The main food hall at Panjakent bazaar.

The main food hall at Panjakent bazaar.

Panjakent is an historically significant town, which lies 230 km northwest from Dushanbe but just 60 km southeast of Samarkand, Uzbekistan.

Ancient Panjakent once served as the capital of the Sogdian empire, which occupied pre-Islamic Central Asia. The ruins of the old town are on the outskirts of the modern city.

Traders in the market at Panjakent.

Traders in the market at Panjakent.

The mausoleum of the Tajik national hero, the poet Rudaki, is located a short distance out of town. Rudaki, who is known as the father of Persian poetry, was born in 859 AD but has become more significant in post-Soviet Tajikistan, where symbolic, historical figures have been invoked as cultural touchstones for modern Tajiks.

Sights worth visiting in town include a bustling bazaar and a mosque, which are opposite each other. If you’re arriving in Tajikistan from Uzbekistan, Panjakent will be your first Tajikistan town. It’s a pleasant introduction to Tajikistan.

Accommodation

A 'Do Not Disturb' sign in Dushanbe.

A ‘Do Not Disturb’ sign in Dushanbe.

Within most towns and cities of Tajikistan, you’ll have no problem finding a range of accommodation options. However, if you’re travelling off the beaten track (i.e. along the Pamir highway or Wahkan valley) you’ll mostly be limited to very basic family home-stays.

No matter how small the settlement in Tajikistan, there’s always somewhere to stay – you only need to ask.  

Dushanbe

The Shumon hotel in Dushanbe is conveniently located downtown.

The Shumon hotel in Dushanbe is conveniently located downtown.

While in Dushanbe, I stayed at the wonderful Hotel Shumon where a standard room cost me 548 TJS (US$58) per night. Included in the room rate was an excellent breakfast in the downstairs restaurant “Shumon”, which is owned by a lady from Georgia, and which specialises in amazing Georgian cuisine.

My very comfortable room at the Shumon Hotel in Dushanbe.

My very comfortable room at the Shumon Hotel in Dushanbe.

From the Hotel Shumon, everything of interest in Dushanbe is within a short walk, as is the best cafe in town – the Cafe Segafredo.

Panjakent

My spacious room at the Hotel Rudaki in Panjakent.

My spacious room at the Hotel Rudaki in Panjakent.

A relative new option in Panjakent is the (very good) Hotel Rudaki, which is named after the local hero, and father of Persian poetry, who is buried in the town.

The hotel is owned by a wonderful family who are very accommodating and welcoming. The rooms are spacious, spotlessly clean and offer views onto the surrounding countryside. The only English speaker is the teenage daughter who does a tremendous job of managing the expectations of the various international guests.

Breakfast, which is included in the very reasonable rate of 150 TJS (USD$16), is very good. Across the road is an excellent cafe which offers amazing Shashlik, salad and beer for dinner. Highly recommended!

Kalai-Khumb

The Karon Palace hotel, a true 'accommodation oasis' in a region full of basic home-stays.

The Karon Palace hotel, a true ‘accommodation oasis’ in a region full of basic home-stays.

Wow! What a surprise!

Situated on the sleepy main street of tiny Kalai-Khumb is the new, and very shiny, Hotel Karon Palace. This is definitely the most luxurious accommodation option anywhere in Eastern Tajikistan and a welcome sight, after a week spent in basic home-stays along the Pamir highway.

My opulent room at the Karon Palace in Kulai Khumb.

My opulent room at the Karon Palace in Kulai Khumb.

While not cheap (you can bargain down to USD$100 per night), the spacious and opulently furnished rooms at the Karon Palace feel more like “5-star Dubai” rather than “small town Tajikistan”.

My living room at the Karon Palace - a million miles from the ruggedness of the Pamir highway.

My living room at the Karon Palace – a million miles from the ruggedness of the Pamir highway.

Outside the doors of the hotel (maybe the only automatic doors in the whole of the Pamir region) is the sleepy village of Kalai-Khumb. Why such a decadent hotel exists in a small, provisional town is a mystery, but after a week of enduring travel along the Pamir highway, I was very happy to soak up some luxury. No credit cards accepted!  

Khorog

My cosy room at the Grand Hotel in Khorog.

My cosy room at the Grand Hotel in Khorog.

If you’re travelling from Osh to Dushanbe along the Pamir highway, the regional capital of Khorog is the first major Tajik town you’ll arrive at. A charming, leafy, green town, Khorog is full of friendly Pamiri folk, and offers a good selection of accommodation – and the first opportunity to connect to free Wi-Fi.

While in town, I stayed at the excellent Grand Hotel which offers comfortable, modern rooms, free WiFi and a wonderful breakfast. The hotel is located in the heart of the downtown area and has a handy supermarket on the ground floor. If you pay directly, rooms cost USD$40 per night. No credit cards accepted!  

Murgab

The Pamir hotel overlooks the remote town of Murgab.

The Pamir hotel overlooks the remote town of Murgab.

What to say of the Pamir Hotel? Perched on a hill, overlooking the very remote, regional centre of Murgab, this ageing lady is an old Soviet-era relic which is in need of a complete renovation. If it was located in Dushanbe, or anywhere else where there was a healthy amount of competition, the Pamir hotel would receive few guests.

However, the Pamir hotel is the best hotel for hundreds of miles around! In fact, it is the only hotel for hundreds of miles around! For this reason, it’s always busy and bookings are essential.

The view over Murgab, from my room at the Pamir hotel.

The view over Murgab, from my room at the Pamir hotel.

The whole place is a like an over-sized home-stay, except you have your own private room. Shared bathrooms are located at the end of the long hallway, warm showers are offered during certain hours in the evenings, ‘home-stay’ style food is served in the downstairs restaurant – the only restaurant in town. If you’re curious to know what’s for dinner, you can view the menu here.

Rooms cost USD$25 per night, which includes a hearty breakfast!

Karakul

My driver checked us into the 'deluxe' digs at Homestay Aigerim on the shores of Lake Karakul.

My driver checked us into the ‘deluxe’ digs at Homestay Aigerim on the shores of Lake Karakul.

Located at 4,000 metres (13,150 ft) above sea level, the tiny, wind-blown, settlement of Karakul lies on the spectacularly beautiful Karakul lake, 50 km south of the Kyrgyzstan border. This is the first overnight stop in Tajikistan for those travelling south along the Pamir highway.

The hardly souls who inhabit the tiny village live in remote isolation from the rest of the world, and are normally cut-off from it for half the year, when snow and ice make the Pamir highway impassable during winter.

There’s a few (very basic) home-stay options in Karakul, which is a good thing, as there’s always a constant trickle of vehicles pulling in off the highway.

My cosy room at Homestay Aigerim where sleeping was on the floor.

My cosy room at Homestay Aigerim where sleeping was on the floor.

My bedroom, of which I was lucky enough to have to myself, was lined with colourful carpets. Not just the floor, but also the walls!

Throughout Central Asia, carpets are hung on walls as a form of decoration, something that’s especially appreciated during the long, cold winter months when the landscape is a blanket of white snow. In the evening, I constructed a bed using a pile of thin, padded mattresses. Some home-stays offer shared rooms with single beds.

The colourful communal dining area at Homestay Aigerim.

The colourful communal dining area at Homestay Aigerim.

Meals are served around a communal table (you sit on the carpeted floor) and consist of whatever is available in the kitchen.

My first meal at Homestay Aigerim was lunch, which consisted of three fried eggs and stale bread. My last meal was breakfast the following morning, which consisted of – well, three fried eggs and stale bread! All meals in Central Asia are served with pots of tea, either black or green.

The roofless "pit" toilets at Homestay Aigerim.

The roofless “pit” toilets at Homestay Aigerim.

As for ‘ablutions’ (I love using that word!), home-stays throughout Central Asia lack any running water! I remember staying at my first home-stay in Kazakhstan and looking for the bathroom – there wasn’t one!

Instead of a bathroom, home-stays normally offer a traditional Banya, a steam bath, which is located outside somewhere. Banya’s need to be pre-booked as they involve lighting a fire (fuelled by animal manure) to heat a large container of water. You take a shower by mixing a bucket of cold, mountain, water with some warm water. It’s all very refreshing and invigorating.

As for the toilets, they’re always smelly outhouses that you try to avoid using. Due to the smell, they’re always located some distance from the house, which is a real problem at 3 am when nature calls and you’re in a village without electricity. If you’ll be staying in home-stays, a torch app on your phone will be your best friend. The best thing about the outhouse at Homestay Aigerim was that there was no roof, which provided lots of ventilation and a great view of the stars at night!

Eating Out

A novel concept for an outdoor drinks shop - drinks are kept cool under the flow of a trickling waterfall.

A novel concept for an outdoor drinks shop – drinks are kept cool under the flow of a trickling waterfall.

As with accommodation, there are plenty of dining options in the west of Tajikistan, however, in the sparsely populated east, it’s a different story, with very basic meals provided by home-stays.

Restaurants

Parcels of tasty goodness - 'Samsa' is the most popular snack food in Central Asia and the predecessor of the Indian Samosa.

Parcels of tasty goodness – ‘Samsa’ is the most popular snack food in Central Asia and the predecessor of the Indian Samosa.

Dushanbe

Despite being the capital, Dushanbe is hardly a culinary nirvana!

I often ate at the Cafe Karat, which was located opposite my hotel – the Hotel Shumon! The cafe is a modern, clean place where you take a tray, file along, select your meal and pay. Food was always very good and the prices were so cheap. How do they do it?

If you have a hankering for Georgian (the country, not the state) cuisine, you’ll find a wonderful Georgian restaurant on the ground floor of the Hotel Shumon.

Along the main street, Rudaki Ave, are a number of restaurants which serve everything from Italian (Cafe Segafredo) to Indian (simply called ‘Indian Restaurant‘ and located opposite Segafredo) or local cuisine (Rohat Teahouse).

Panjakent

Panjakent offers several restaurants and a tea house. I ate at an excellent restaurant, which is located on the roundabout opposite Hotel Rudaki. No idea of the name and cannot find one, but the Shashlik, salad (served with a fresh soft cheese) and fresh bread were divine.

Kalai-Khumb

Cutting through the centre of Kalai-Khumb is the noisy, raging torrent, which is the Obikhumboi river. Perched above the river (underneath the only bridge in town) is the popular, and worthwhile, Oriyona restaurant which serves all your favourite Central Asian dishes like Shashlik, Plov, Manti etc.

The best place to sit is on the outdoor terrace, directly above the raging white-water of the river below, the thunderous roar from which will block out any dinner conversation.

Khorog

Two words – Delhi Barbar!

If you’ve spent months in Central Asia and wish to escape, even for a moment, from the same monotonous, cuisine which is served throughout all the countries, then Delhi Barbar is for you.

Feel yourself being transported, for a moment, out of the region and into India, where the smell of spice, and all things nice, hangs in the air. I kid you not! When I was looking for this restaurant, it was the smell of spice in the air which led the way. It really is that good!

Not only is the food sensational, but the restaurant is very popular with fellow travellers. A great meeting place on the Pamir highway!

Murgab

The only restaurant in town is on the ground floor of the Pamir Hotel. Menu items include all the typical staples which are served at home-stays throughout Central Asia, including soups, freshly-made Yak-meat dumplings (Manti), and everyone’s favourite – the ubiquitous Lagman.

Cafés

The Rohat tea-house on Rudaki avenue is said to be the largest tea-house in the world.

The Rohat tea-house on Rudaki avenue is said to be the largest tea-house in the world.

Rather confusingly in Central Asia, the word ‘cafe’ is used to describe a Cafeteria, rather than an establishment which serves coffee. If you wish to drink coffee, you need to ask for a ‘coffee shop‘. In Tajikistan, I found just a few good cafes. Most Tajiks live on tea.

Dushanbe

The open-air Rohat tea-house, a great place to relax over a cup of tea in Dushanbe.

The open-air Rohat tea-house, a great place to relax over a cup of tea in Dushanbe.

If you wish to experience a traditional tea-house, you cannot get any more traditional than the Rohat tea-house, which is located on Rudaki avenue in downtown Dushanbe.

This large, airy, outdoor, pavilion was built during the Soviet era and serves tea by the pot along with local cuisine such as Shashlik.

The best coffee in Dushanbe is served at the nearby Cafe Segafredo (also on Rudaki avenue). The friendly, English-speaking staff serve delicious food and the best coffee in town in a clean, modern environment. The free Wi-Fi at the cafe is the fastest I experienced in the whole country!  

Khorog

As a self-confessed caffeine addict, I have to confess – it was hard starting each day on the Pamir highway with a cup of black tea (it’s just not the same!)

I had heard on the grapevine that there was a real coffee shop in Khorog, and so, it was with some amount of excitement that I made my way to the Luni Coffee Shop.

The good news, for anyone arriving late in town, is that the cafe is open until 10 pm most evenings. The coffee is amazing and they offer freshly baked cakes. It’s a dream!

Visa Requirements

My visa for Tajikistan, with the additional permit for Gorno-Badakhshan Autonomous Region on the top page.

My visa for Tajikistan, with the additional permit for Gorno-Badakhshan Autonomous Region on the top page.

Almost all nationalities (except for a few neighbouring countries) require a visa to visit Tajikistan, with 121 nationalities currently able to apply for an e-visa (US$50) in advance. To check your requirements, please refer to the Visa Policy of Tajikistan.

If you’ll be visiting the Gorno-Badakhshan Autonomous Region (home to the legendary Pamir Highway), you’ll need to apply for an additional permit which costs US$20. These are checked at police checkpoints as you travel throughout the region.

Tajikistan Embassy in Bishkek

If you’re in Bishkek, or anywhere else with a Tajik embassy, it’s faster to apply directly through the embassy – plus you’ll receive a very nice visa in your passport, rather than a computer printout.

The Tajikistan Embassy in Bishkek is located in the suburbs at 36 Karadarynskaya street. It’s a long drive from the city so it’s best to take a Yandex taxi.

Getting There

Air

International flights to Tajikistan arrive at Dushanbe International Airport (IATA: DYU), which is located 5 km southeast of Dushanbe.

Scheduled Air Services

The following airlines provide scheduled services to/ from Dushanbe:

  • Air Astana – flies to/from Almaty
  • Avia Traffic Company – flies to/from Bishkek
  • flydubai – flies to/from Dubai–International
  • Iran Aseman Airlines – flies to/from Mashhad
  • Kam Air – flies to/from Kabul
  • S7 Airlines – flies to/from Novosibirsk
  • SCAT Airlines – flies to/from Nur-Sultan
  • Turkish Airlines – flies to/from Istanbul
  • Ural Airlines – flies to/from Moscow–Zhukovsky, Saint Petersburg, Ufa, Volgograd, Yekaterinburg
  • Utair – flies to/from Moscow–Vnukovo
  • Uzbekistan Airways – flies to/from Tashkent
  • Varesh Airlines – flies to/from Mashhad, Sari

Airport Transport

Downtown Dushanbe is a 10 minute taxi ride which should cost no more than 15 somani (US$1.50) in a Yandex taxi.

Bus routes #2, #8 and #12 connect the airport with the city centre in 20 minutes.

Land

Approaching the Tajikistan border, south of Sary Tash in Kyrgyzstan.

Approaching the Tajikistan border, south of Sary Tash in Kyrgyzstan.

Tajikistan shares land borders with Kyrgyzstan, China, Afghanistan and Uzbekistan. The fastest and most comfortable way to travel into and out of Tajikistan is with shared taxis which run to and from most borders, although not the remote Pamir Highway border post.

Kyrgyzstan

In the north, Tajikistan shares a 984 km (611 mi) border with Kyrgyzstan. There are currently 5 crossings open, with the most easterly, located south of the Kyrgyz town of Sary-Tash lying on the Pamir Highway.

China

In the west, Tajikistan shares a 414 km (257 mi) border with China, which has a mean-looking, barbed-wire fence running its entire length. There’s just one break in the fence (at the one border crossing), which is located at Kulma Pass (4,362.7 m/ 14,313 ft), a short drive west of the town of Murgab.

Afghanistan

The turnoff to the 'Tajikistan-Afghanistan Friendship bridge', south of Kalai-Khum.

The turnoff to the ‘Tajikistan-Afghanistan Friendship bridge’, south of Kalai-Khumb.

In the south, Tajikistan shares a 1,357 km (843 mi) border with Afghanistan. Most of the border is defined by the raging, white-water rapids of the Panj river – a truly formidable barrier. Due to the impossibly vertical terrain, which is the Hindu Kush mountain range, there are few people living along the Afghan side of the border.

If you wish to enter Afghanistan, you’ll first need to apply for a visa, which you can obtain through the Afghan embassy in Dushanbe or the Afghan consulate in Khorog.

Note: Before leaving Tajikistan, you should ensure you have a double entry visa so you can re-enter the country as onward travel in Afghanistan is not safe.

There are several bridges which connect the two neighbours, although not all crossing points are open. The crossings which are currently open are located at the following places:

  • Panji Poyon (the main crossing between Dushanbe and Kunduz)
  • Darvaz (on the Pamir Highway south of Kalaikumb, the “Tajikistan-Afghanistan Friendship Bridge”)
  • Khorog (on the Pamir Highway)
  • Ishkashim (on the Pamir Highway, a popular crossing point for travellers who make brief trips into a ‘safe’ area of the country.)

Uzbekistan

In the west and northwest, Tajikistan shares a 1,312 km (815 mi) border with Uzbekistan. There are 8 crossing points between the two countries which are connected by rail, bus and shared taxi services.

Rail

Tajik Railways do offer a website, however it is currently in test mode.

Russian Railways train # 3293 connects Dushanbe to Moscow on a 4,272 km odyssey. This is the preferred form of transport for the army of Tajik migrant workers who flock to Russia to find better paying jobs.

Getting Around

A French couple were driving this comfortable beast along the Pamir highway. A very nice way of cruising the rough roads of Tajikistan - if you can afford the investment!

A French couple were driving this comfortable beast along the Pamir highway. A very nice way of cruising the rough roads of Tajikistan – if you can afford the investment!

Road

Pamir Highway

None of the roads throughout the Gorno-Badakhshan Autonomous Region have been maintained since Soviet times, but the Chinese are about to change all that!

If you venture further south into the Wakhan Valley, the roads are rougher still! Almost all gravel, very narrow in places, often clinging to the sides of sheer drops which plunge into the raging waters of the mighty Panj river.


Video:

I filmed this video from my 4WD, as we drove along the Wakhan valley.

Afghanistan can be seen on the opposite bank of the river.

Currently, whatever asphalt remains is largely pot-holed and threadbare with most of the road reduced to gravel by the ravages of time.

If you’re travelling from east to west, you’ll have rough, gravel roads, most of the way until after Kulaikhum.

Average speeds along the corrugated, pot-holed roads is around 25 km/h.

Video:

Another video from the Wakhan valley, with Afghanistan on the opposite bank.


North and West Tajikistan

Travelling from the west or north, it’s a different story, thanks to the recently completed Dushanbe-Chanak highway which connects Dushanbe to Panjakent and then the Uzbekistan border.

Built by the Chinese, as part of their Belt and Road Initiative (BRI), the new highway is 380 km long, and has slashed driving times from twelve hours to only four. The road includes many tunnels, the longest of which runs under the Shakhristan Pass, with a total length of 5,253 metres – the longest tunnel in the country.


Video:

The following documentary, featuring the Dushanbe-Chanak highway, was filmed by China Global Television Network.


Public Bus

Unlike other regional capitals, Dushanbe is fairly compact and easy to cover on foot. For covering longer distances, buses, trolley-buses and mini buses whizz around town with a ticket costing just 1.20 TJS (US$0.13).

Taxi

Yandex Taxi is an online ride-sharing service which was launched in 2011 and is now present in most of Central Asia, including Dushanbe.

In 2018, Yandex and Uber merged their operations in the region. The Yandex app can be downloaded onto a smartphone and, in terms of functionality, is very similar to Uber.

Rental Car

A much needed car wash in Osh! Before and after photos of my amazing, go-anywhere, Toyota Land Cruiser, perfect for the rough Kyrgyzstan roads.

A much needed car wash in Osh! Before and after photos of my amazing, go-anywhere, Toyota Land Cruiser, perfect for the rough Kyrgyzstan roads.

Car Rental options in Tajikistan are very limited and expensive. It can be more economical to rent a car in neighbouring Kyrgyzstan and drive it across the border.

While in Kyrgyzstan, I rented an excellent Toyota Land Cruiser through Almaz Alzhambaev of Kyrgyzstan Tours and Rent-a-Car Service in Bishkek. The Toyota featured here cost me US$80 per day.

Almaz allows one way rentals and advised that his cars can be driven across borders in Central Asia, once additional (insurance) paperwork had been completed. For this there is a small (USD$40) additional fee.

Contact details for Almaz:

 


That’s the end of my Tajikistan Travel Guide.

Safe Travels!

Darren


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Further Reading

Other travel reports from the Central Asia region:

Additional blogs, articles and information on Tajikistan are available on the Indy Guide website.

 

Tajikistan Travel Guide Tajikistan Travel Guide  Tajikistan Travel Guide  Tajikistan Travel Guide Tajikistan Travel Guide

Tajikistan Travel Guide Tajikistan Travel Guide  Tajikistan Travel Guide  Tajikistan Travel Guide Tajikistan Travel Guide

Tajikistan Travel Guide Tajikistan Travel Guide  Tajikistan Travel Guide  Tajikistan Travel Guide Tajikistan Travel Guide

Tajikistan Travel Guide Tajikistan Travel Guide  Tajikistan Travel Guide  Tajikistan Travel Guide Tajikistan Travel Guide

Tajikistan Travel Guide Tajikistan Travel Guide  Tajikistan Travel Guide  Tajikistan Travel Guide Tajikistan Travel Guide

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Kazakhstan Travel Guide

World Countries Quiz: A view of Lake Kaindy.

Kazakhstan Travel Guide

Welcome to the taste2travel Kazakhstan Travel Guide!

Date Visited: June 2019


Introduction

I first visited Kazakhstan in 1995, arriving in Almaty (which was then known as Alma-Ata) after a 77-hour meandering odyssey of a train ride from Moscow. I stayed for a few days, in what was then the capital of Kazakhstan, the most populous city of one of the largest (and emptiest) land-locked countries on earth.

A panoramic view of Almaty Big Lake, which is a short drive from Almaty.

A panoramic view of Almaty Big Lake, which is a short drive from Almaty.

The country had only recently been released from the long, slumbering embrace of the Soviet Union, but there was a buzz in the air. Kazakhstan was on the threshold of monumental change, but I had to continue my overland meandering so I took a bus to Ürümqi in western China, vowing to one day return.

A view of the Tian Shan mountains from Almaty.

A view of the Tian Shan mountains from Almaty.

And so it was, 24 years later, I flew into Almaty International Airport, to spend time in a city which has been transformed into a busy, bustling, confident, modern metropolis.

During my visit in July, the Kazakh countryside was carpeted with colourful wildflowers.

During my visit in July, the Kazakh countryside was carpeted with colourful wildflowers.

Almaty today is brimming with a lively arts scene, funky cafes, gourmet restaurants, shopping malls and all the other trappings of a developed, modern city. As part of the modernisation of the country, the government announced in 2017 that the Kazakh language will be converted from Cyrillic to Latin script, which will allow easier trade ties with a world where 70% of countries use Latin script. It’s also seen as a way for the country to distance itself further from Russia.

The eerie looking Lake Kaindy is famous for it's submerged forest.

The eerie looking Lake Kaindy is famous for it’s submerged forest.

However, while cities such as Almaty are being transformed, the countryside remains largely unchanged with people living in something of a time warp. While services and facilities are top-notch in Almaty, they are non-existent in the countryside.

In areas of interest to visitors, there is a distinct lack of accommodation options, restaurants, shops, banks etc. This is a challenge for the country if it wishes to develop tourism beyond the large cities.

Fruit in Kazakhstan is locally grown on family farms, tastes amazing and is very affordable.

Fruit in Kazakhstan is locally grown on family farms, tastes amazing and is very affordable.

The Kazakhs themselves are very warm and welcoming and, despite the language barrier (few speak anything other than Russian or Kazakh), I was always made to feel welcome.

Kazakh girls posing at Lake Kaindy.

Kazakh girls posing at Lake Kaindy.

Those who do speak English are very eager to practice and I found if I greeted people first in Kazakh then English, those who spoke some English would often stop me to ask questions or strike up a conversation. Most were curious to know what my impression was of their country.

A smile and 'peace' from a charming young girl who was selling drinks at a kiosk in the Kolsoi Lakes National Park. No language needed here!

A smile and ‘peace’ from a charming young girl who was selling drinks at a kiosk in the Kolsoi Lakes National Park. No language needed here!

To this question I could honestly answer that I loved being in Kazakhstan, that I enjoyed spending time among the friendly Kazakhs, and that the country itself was an incredibly beautiful and interesting destination. I cannot wait to return to explore more of this vast land. If you have ever thought about visiting Kazakhstan, now is a great time to visit.

Location

Almaty, Kazakhstan

 

With an area of 2,724,900 square kilometres (1,052,100 sq. mi), Kazakhstan has the distinction of being the world’s largest landlocked country, and the ninth largest in the world. Thanks to vast reserves of oil and most other valuable minerals, Kazakhstan is the most economically advanced of the ‘stans’.

Distances are vast, with the driving distance between the north-eastern city of Atyrau and Almaty in the southwest at 2,744 km (1,705 mi). The country shares land borders with Russia, China, Kyrgyzstan, Uzbekistan and Turkmenistan.

Wide open plains meet the towering Tien Shan mountains near Almaty.

Wide open plains meet the towering Tien Shan mountains near Almaty.

Kazakhstan bridges both Asia and Europe, but is mostly located in Asia, with a small section, west of the Ural mountains, in Europe. A large part of northern Kazakhstan is comprised of the Kazakh Steppe – the largest dry steppe region on earth, covering approximately 804,450 square kilometres, which is almost completely uninhabited.

Ideal for hiking and day trips, the Tien Shan mountain range on the outskirts of Almaty.

Ideal for hiking and day trips, the Tien Shan mountain range on the outskirts of Almaty.

The peaks of the Tien Shan mountain range, which forms the border between Kazakhstan and Kyrgyzstan, are covered with snow, year-round, and their runoff is the source for most of Kazakhstan’s freshwater rivers, streams, and lakes.

People

Two fellow passengers (and my translators) on my weekend trip to Kolsoi Lakes National Park - a wonderful mother and daughter team from Almaty.

Two fellow passengers (and my translators) on my weekend trip to Kolsoi Lakes National Park – a wonderful mother and daughter team from Almaty.

The Kazakhs are amazing! Some of the friendliest people I have ever met! A fun-loving, warm, caring, proud, polite people who went out of their way to welcome me to their country. They are reserved at times and, despite the huge language barrier, I was always made to feel welcome. At times, a smile or a look says more than a thousand words!

A newlywed Kazakh couple enjoying an outing on the shores of Big Almaty Lake.

A newlywed Kazakh couple enjoying an outing on the shores of Big Almaty Lake.

With a population of 18.3 million people (as of 2018), Kazakhstan has one of the lowest population densities on earth with less than 6 people per square kilometre (15 people per sq mi).

During the heat of summer, the many fountains of Almaty provide an ideal way to cool off.

During the heat of summer, the many fountains of Almaty provide an ideal way to cool off.

Originally nomadic herders, whose culture and language is Turkic in origin, most Kazakhs today live in sophisticated urban centres such as Almaty and Astana (recently renamed to Nursultan).

Artwork in Almaty.

Artwork in Almaty.

From the 1930’s up to the 1950’s, the leader of the Soviet Union, Joseph Stalin, ordered the forced transfer of millions of European Russians to Central Asia. This forced population transfer has today resulted in a mixed Eurasian race in the countries of Central Asia. Kazakhstan has more than its fair share of Eurasian beauties, which can be seen parading around the streets of Almaty.

Photography

"Reflection" - Lake Kolsai National Park, which lies in Southern Kazakhstan near the border of Kyrgyzstan.

“Reflection” – Lake Kolsai National Park, which lies in Southern Kazakhstan near the border of Kyrgyzstan.

From spectacular landscapes to photogenic locals, Kazakhstan is a photographer’s paradise. Stunning vista’s are to be found everywhere, with dramatic canyons, towering, snowy mountains, placid, emerald-coloured lakes and endless, grassy plains, the country offers incredible landscapes and panorama’s which are often lit with the most amazing light.

Another fellow tour passenger from Almaty, striking a pose in the spectacular Kolsai National Park.

Another fellow tour passenger from Almaty, striking a pose in the spectacular Kolsai National Park.

The Kazakhs love striking a pose for the camera and love taking selfies of themselves. During one weekend away in the Kolsai Lakes National Park, with a bus load of local Kazakh tourists, my fellow passengers were keen to have me photograph them posing in the beautiful nature.

Flag

The flag of Kazakhstan flying in Almaty.

The flag of Kazakhstan flying in Almaty.

The national flag of Kazakhstan features a gold sun with 32 rays above a soaring golden Steppe eagle, both of which are centred on a sky blue background, a colour which is of religious significance to the Kazakhs. Running down the hoist side is a national ornamental pattern
“koshkar-muiz” (the horns of the ram) in gold.

Currency

The 10,000 tenge banknote, issued in 2011 to commemorate the 20th anniversary of independence from the Soviet Union.

The 10,000 tenge banknote, issued in 2011 to commemorate the 20th anniversary of independence from the Soviet Union.

Issued by the National Bank of Kazakhstan, the tenge (sign: / code: KZT) is the currency of Kazakhstan and is issued in coins in the denominations of ₸1, 2, 5, 10, 20, 50, 100 and notes in denominations of ₸200, 500, 1000, 2000, 5000, 10000, 20000. The tenge is divided into 100 tiyn, but you’ll rarely see these coins.

Tenge exchange rates displayed in Almaty.

Tenge exchange rates displayed in Almaty.

At the time of my visit (July 2019), US$1 was buying 384 tenge – to check today’s USD rate, please click here.

Costs

The breakfast menu at Nedelka Cafe in Almaty provides an example of typical restaurant prices.

The breakfast menu at Nedelka Cafe in Almaty provides an example of typical restaurant prices.

Travel costs in Kazakhstan are surprisingly low! This is one destination where you can afford to indulge without fear of damaging your budget.

Typical daily travel budgets:

  • Budget: Up to 8000 kzt (USD$21)
  • Mid-Range: 8000 – 28,000 kzt (USD$21 – US$73)
  • Top-End: 28,000+ kzt (USD$73+)

Sample costs: 

  • Coca Cola (0.33 litre bottle): 180 kzt (US$0.47)
  • Water (0.33 litre bottle): 120 kzt (US$0.30)
  • Cappuccino: 700 kzt (US$1.80)
  • Metro Ticket within Almaty: 80 kzt (US$0.20)
  • Bus Ticket within Almaty: 150 kzt (US$0.39)
  • Car hire (compact car per day with Hertz Almaty): 23,000 kzt (US$60)
  • Litre of fuel: 187 kzt (US$0.49)
  • Meal (inexpensive restaurant): 2,000 kzt (US$5.00)
  • Meal for 2 (mid-range restaurant): 10,000 kzt (US$25)
  • Big Mac Combo Meal at McDonald’s in Almaty: 1,250 kzt (US$3.25)
  • Room in a budget hostel (DimAL Hostel): 2,000 kzt (US$5)
  • Room in a mid-range hotel (Holiday Inn Almaty): 20,000 kzt (US$52)
  • Room in a top-end hotel (Rahat Palace): 30,000 kzt (US$78)

Laundry Services

One of the Speed Queen laundromats in Almaty.

One of the Speed Queen laundromats in Almaty.

The curse of all modern travellers is dirty laundry! At some stage, even a busy nomad needs to take timeout from exploring the world to do laundry.

Laundromats are not easy to find in Almaty, however, one international chain – Speed Queen – saves the day. Speed Queen is a US-based manufacturer of washing machines and dryers, who operate a network of franchised laundromats in various countries.

The company operates, clean, professional laundries in six locations across Almaty, with all laundries located inside shopping malls. I paid 2,000 kzt (US$5) for one load of washing and drying which was completed in under 2 hours by a helpful attendant.

Telephone Numbers

Telephone nostalgia!

Telephone nostalgia!

 

I don’t normally include a section on telephone numbers in my reports, but Kazakhstan does not follow international numbering convention, so some explanation is warranted.

In most countries, converting a local number to an international number is a simple case of dropping the leading ‘0’ and adding the country code. This is not the case in Kazakhstan, where an ‘8’ is used instead of a ‘0’.

To convert a Kazakh mobile number (e.g. 8775 123 45 67) to an international number, you need to remove the preceding ‘8’ and add the country code for Kazakhstan (+7), so the number becomes +7 (775) 123 45 67.

Sightseeing

Sightseeing in Kazakhstan is a breeze, in the larger cities, where you have all of the usual tourist services in abundance.

However, once you leave the big cities, all services disappear. If you wish to venture into the countryside, you either need to be self sufficient or join a local tour company. Transport can be non-existence to many rural areas (including places of immense interest to tourists), then – when you arrive – there are few accommodation options, no restaurants, banks, shops etc.

I spent a weekend in the stunningly beautiful Kolsoi Lakes National park, which was only made possibly by joining a local tour group, which left Almaty on a Friday evening. It was a wonderful weekend, travelling on a bus full of Kazakh tourists with me being the only international guest.

We stayed in a small village, near the lakes, where we were billeted out to family home-stays, which were extremely basic – but there were no other options. During the weekend, the national park was packed with thousands of local visitors, but, apart from a few locals selling BBQ lunches or drinks from small kiosks, there were no facilities.

Tourism officials in Almaty recognise the problem and assure that the government is working to resolve the issue. Until services are provided (I saw one hotel under construction in the regional hub of Saty), tourism in the Kazakh countryside will remain undeveloped.

Almaty

Apple tree's are everywhere in the city of apples, including this stained-glass artwork at the "Almaly" metro station.

Apple tree’s are everywhere in the city of apples, including this stained-glass artwork at the “Almaly” metro station.

Almaty, which means ‘Apple‘ in Kazakh, is the former capital of Kazakhstan and the nation’s largest city, with a population of 1,472,866 (9% of the country’s population). The city is located in the mountainous area of southern Kazakhstan, near the border with Kyrgyzstan.


Did you know? The common supermarket apple can apparently be traced to one specific region of the world. The first apple seeds were transported out of the wild groves of Almaty by birds and bears before humans began to cultivate them.


Almaty used to be called Alma-Ata, meaning ‘father of apples’.

Almaty used to be called Alma-Ata, meaning ‘father of apples’.

Even though no longer the capital, Almaty is still the country’s largest metropolis, offering a sophisticated atmosphere and lots of sights to explore. Forming a dramatic backdrop to the city is the towering Tian Shan mountain range, which offers easy access to an alpine paradise, with miles of hiking and skiing trails.

Artwork on Almaty.

Artwork on Almaty.

Almaty is located on a gentle slope of the Tian Shan range, which makes orientation very easy. If you’re walking uphill, you’re heading south – if you’re walking downhill, you’re heading north and if you’re walking along a flat street, you’re heading either east or west.

Almaty is a sprawling city which is laid out on a simple grid. Distances can be deceiving with a single block often more than a kilometre in length. The best way to get around is to utilise the metro (one line only) which connects most sights of interest. There is plenty of green space and generally, Almaty exudes a pleasant and relaxed atmosphere.

The streets of Almaty are lined with architectural reminders of the city's Soviet past.

The streets of Almaty are lined with architectural reminders of the city’s Soviet past.

The city streets are lined with many examples of Soviet-era architecture – what I like to call ‘Brutalist architecture’. The reason the city has been ‘blessed’ with so many eye-sores is all thanks to one local, very powerful, politician by the name of Dinmukhamed Kunayeva, who was part of the Soviet ruling elite back in the 1970’s and ‘80’s. He used his powerful connections to ensure plenty of roubles flowed into Almaty for grandiose construction projects.

Big Almaty Lake

Stunning views are to be found everywhere at Big Almaty Lake.

Stunning views are to be found everywhere at Big Almaty Lake.

If there is one ‘must see’ sight in Almaty, it is Big Almaty Lake, which is located outside of the city, high up in the Tian Shan mountains. The lake is a natural alpine reservoir which provides the drinking water for Almaty, which is very safe to drink and very sweet.

Located at 2,511 metres (8,238 ft) the lake is 15 km from the centre of Almaty and close enough to the Kyrgyzstan border, that it is within the sensitive, demarcated, ‘Border Zone‘. Due to its location, soldiers patrol the area, and can request to see your passport so you should ensure you carry it with you at all times.

Big Almaty lake is best visited on a clear day.

Big Almaty lake is best visited on a clear day.

The colour of the lake water changes throughout the year, from milky to teal, depending on the water depth. These photos were taken during my visit in June when the water level was low and the colour was milky. The best time to visit is in September when annual rains replenish the lake, changing the water colour to teal.

Colourful wildflowers are omnipresent in the Kazakh countryside and always look great in the foreground of photos.

Colourful wildflowers are omnipresent in the Kazakh countryside and always look great in the foreground of photos.

Weather Considerations

Prior to departing Almaty, you should check the weather conditions on the mountains. If the mountains are shrouded in cloud, the lake will be invisible and your journey wasted! You should only head up the mountain on a perfectly fine day.

Getting There

Reaching the lake from Almaty was very simple, with a return private taxi costing me 16,000 tenge (USD$40) which included hotel pick-up, the one hour drive up to the lake, an hour of hiking, then the return trip back to my hotel.

I used the services of Issatay, who was recommended by the Almaty Tourism authority. Issatay speaks English, is a careful driver and offers private taxi hire to various locations around Almaty. You can contact Issatay via WhatsApp on +7 701 188 44 40 or email at IssatayBurkhanov@gmail.com and, since his wife has just given birth to a baby, he will be appreciative of any business he can get.

If your budget is not up to the taxi fare, you can take city bus #28 (150 tenge) which connects downtown Almaty with the park. The bus terminates inside the main gate, from where you can either walk or hitch a ride to the lake – which is a long, 10 km uphill walk.

The lake is within the Ile-Alatau National Park which requires the payment of a 500 tenge entrance fee.

The Medeu

The entrance of the Medeu Alpine arena.

The entrance of the Medeu Alpine arena.

The Medeu, is an outdoor speed skating and ice-skating rink which is located in a mountain valley on the south-eastern outskirts of Almaty at an elevation of 1,691 metres (5,547 ft) above sea level.

Originally built in the 1950’s, the complex was fully renovated for the hosting of the Asian Winter Games in 2011 and claims to be the world’s largest mountain complex for winter sports, and is home to the world’s largest ​artificial ice-skating rink at 10,500 square metres. During the summer months, after the ice has melted, the rink is converted for use as a go-kart track.

During the summer months, the Medeu arena is used for Go-karting, while in winter it serves as an ice-skating rink.

During the summer months, the Medeu arena is used for Go-karting, while in winter it serves as an ice-skating rink.

The complex can be reached by city bus (#12) from the “Abai” metro station, with tickets costing 150 tenge. The bus terminates at the stadium, which is one stop beyond the Shymbulak cable car station.

Shymbulak

The stunning alpine countryside around the Shymbulak resort makes for ideal hiking during the summer months.

The stunning alpine countryside around the Shymbulak resort makes for ideal hiking during the summer months.

Shymbulak, also known as Chimbulak, is a popular ski resort in the winter and a favourite hiking area during the summer. Located above the Medeu sports complex, the resort is accessible by road or cable car and makes an ideal day-trip from Almaty.

Views of the alpine landscape from the Shymbulak cable car.

Views of the alpine landscape from the Shymbulak cable car.

Shymbulak is the largest ski resort in Central Asia and is serviced by three cable cars which transport you from the Medeu gondola station to the Shymbulak gondola station (2,260 m). From there, and provided you have purchased a combination ticket, you can ride up to a further two stations:

  • Combi-1 – climbs from 2,260 m up to 2,860 m
  • Combi-2 – climbs from 2,860 m to the highest point at 3,200 m

The combination ticket costs 4,500 tenge with all return rides being free. Operating times are generally 10:00-17:00 (weekdays) and 10:00-18:00 (weekend).

I was surprised to find a branch of my favourite French cafe - Paul - next to the cable car station at Shymbulak.

I was surprised to find a branch of my favourite French cafe – Paul – next to the cable car station at Shymbulak.

At the Shymbulak station (i.e. the 1st station), you’ll find a good selection of restaurants, bars and cafes, including a branch of “Paul“, the French cafe/ patisserie chain. The 2nd and 3rd stations do not offer food, so if you’re hungry, it’s best to dine here.

Inclement weather closing in on the 3rd station of the Shymbulak cable car, which lies at 3,200 metres above sea level.

Inclement weather closing in on the 3rd station of the Shymbulak cable car, which lies at 3,200 metres above sea level.

From the 2nd and 3rd stations, there are a network of hiking trails which lead to various peaks and a glacier.

Weather Considerations

Temperatures at the top of the 3rd cable car station can be freezing, even during the summer months when Almaty is sweltering. Best to bring warm weather clothing with you. I sensibly wore a pair of shorts and a t-shirt and froze!

Getting There

There is enough to the do on the mountain to warrant a full day trip. If you haven’t left Almaty by 2 pm, you’ll be too late as the #12 bus journey to the cable car station is about 45 mins, then you have the long cable car rides with the last cars running at 5 pm.

Kok Tobe

Panoramic views of Almaty from the Kok Tobe cable car station.

Panoramic views of Almaty from the Kok Tobe cable car station.

Perched above Almaty at a height of 1,100 metres, Kok Tobe is the highest point in the city and offers the best views in town, especially at sunset. Reaching Kok Tobe is made very simple thanks to the cable car which departs from the station next to the Palace of the Republic, which is a short walk from “Abai” metro station.

An upside down house at Kok Tobe! The Kazakhs have a quirky sense of humour.

An upside down house at Kok Tobe! The Kazakhs have a quirky sense of humour.

Kok Tobe is home to a small amusement park, a strange memorial to the ‘The Beatles‘, where you can pose for photos on a bench surrounded by the Fab Four, while Beatles music plays over a loud speaker system and other amusements.

A view of the 372-metre TV tower and the Tian Shan mountains from Kok Tobe.

A view of the 372-metre TV tower and the Tian Shan mountains from Kok Tobe.

The most dominate feature of Kok Tobe is the Almaty Television Tower, a 371-metre-high (1,219 ft) steel television tower built between 1975 and 1983. The tower, which is not open to visitors, is a steel tubular structure, the tallest free-standing tubular steel structure in the world.

Palace of the Republic

Fountains outside the Palace of the Republic provide cooling relief on a hot summer day.

Fountains outside the Palace of the Republic provide cooling relief on a hot summer day.

Located next to the Kok Tobe cable car station, at the end of Abai avenue, previously known as the Lenin Palace of Culture, the Palace of the Republic was opened during the celebration of the 100th anniversary of the birth of Lenin.

Lenin is nowhere to be found in Almaty these days, and the palace has since been renamed. The venue is used for concerts, festivals and other cultural events.

The Ascension Cathedral

The very ornate Ascension Cathedral, which is located in the centre of Panfilov park.

The very ornate Ascension Cathedral, which is located in the centre of Panfilov park.

What a surprise to stumble upon the strikingly beautiful, Russian orthodox, Ascension Cathedral, while meandering through Panfilov park in downtown Almaty.

Sunlight illuminates the foyer of the Ascension cathedral on Almaty.

Sunlight illuminates the foyer of the Ascension cathedral on Almaty.

Completed in 1907, the cathedral is built of wood with no nails and has recently been fully renovated with “modern” bright colours, although the central nave is still wrapped in scaffolding.

Kazakhstan Travel Guide: The five-domed, three-aisled Ascension Cathedral is one of the largest wooden buildings in the world.

The five-domed, three-aisled Ascension Cathedral is one of the largest wooden buildings in the world.

During the Soviet era, the cathedral was used for non-religious purposes, serving as the Central Museum of Kazakhstan until 1994, after which, it was re-converted for use for religious purchases.

Zelyony (Green) Bazaar

A vendor at the Green Bazaar selling dried fruits and nuts at bargain prices.

A vendor at the Green Bazaar selling dried fruits and nuts at bargain prices.

Green Bazaar is the central market of Almaty. Located downtown, the main food hall is an emporium of local (and some imported) produce with the dried fruit and nuts stalls being the highlight.

If you’re travelling anywhere, the market is a great place to stock up on healthy travel snacks, with a mixed bag of fruit and nuts costing just a couple of dollars. The vendors are friendly and enthusiastic but you need to negotiate.

Locals always sample produce before they buy, making the market an ideal place to try local specialities. For those tired and hungry during shopping, there are various restaurants and cafes located on the mezzanine levels.

A view of one of the stalls at Green Bazaar from the Bowler Coffee Roasters cafe.

A view of one of the stalls at Green Bazaar from the Bowler Coffee Roasters cafe.

Photography is forbidden in the market and security guards on the floor enforce this strange rule. You can however get some great, panoramic, shots from the balcony of the Bowler Coffee Roasters cafe, which is located on one of the mezzanine levels (the guards never look up!). The cafe offers some of the best coffee in Almaty (refer to the ‘Eating Out‘ section for more) using locally roasted beans.

Almaty Central Mosque

Kazakhstan Travel Guide: The large gold dome of the Almaty Central Mosque is decorated with verses from the Quran.

The large gold dome of the Almaty Central Mosque is decorated with verses from the Quran.

Located one block north of Green Bazaar, the Almaty Central Mosque is hard to miss with its large, gold, domes glistening in the bright sunlight. The mosque was designed to house 7,000 worshippers and was built on the site of a former mosque that was destroyed by fire in 1987.

Central State Museum of Kazakhstan

The Central State Museum of Kazakhstan is the main museum in Almaty.

The Central State Museum of Kazakhstan is the main museum in Almaty.

The Central State Museum of Kazakhstan (open everyday, except Tuesday), is the largest museum in Almaty and covers every aspect of Kazakh culture and history. Previously housed in another location, the current museum was inaugurated in 1985 and, judging by the dusty, faded displays and threadbare carpet, has not been renovated anytime since.

The lofty lobby of the Central State Museum of Kazakhstan.

The lofty lobby of the Central State Museum of Kazakhstan.

The most impressive aspect of the museum is the large, open, central lobby which is capped with a vaulted ceiling.

Republic Square

Republic Square is the main square in Almaty.

Republic Square is the main square in Almaty.

Located around the corner from the Central State Museum of Kazakhstan, and across the street from the former presidential palace, Republic Square features the towering Golden Warrior Monument.

Abay Opera House

The majestic Abay Opera House overlooks Panfilov street.

The majestic Abay Opera House overlooks Panfilov street.

Crowning the southern end of the pedestrian-friendly Panfilov street, the Abay Opera House was opened in 1934 and is named after the Kazakh poet and composer, Abay Qunanbayuli

The theatre is closed during the summer months (July and August), but at other times it stages three or four performances a week at 5 pm or 6.30 pm.

Panfilov Street Promenade

Colourful street art decorate Panfilov Street Promenade.

Colourful street art decorate Panfilov Street Promenade.

Connecting various sights within the historical heart of Almaty, the current incarnation of the Panfilov Street Promenade was built in 2017 based on a design by Danish urban designer Jan Gehl.

The peaceful, shady and green promenade runs from the Abay Opera House, north to the Mukagali Makataev (shopping) street and is lined with bars, restaurants, cafes and recreation spaces.

Kazakh State Circus

The Kazakh State Circus in Almaty.

The Kazakh State Circus in Almaty.

Looking like either a space ship, circus tent or a spinning top, the Kazakh State Circus features regular circus performances throughout the day except on weekends.

Next door to the circus is Fantasy World Almaty, the city’s main amusement park, which is open 7 days a week until sunset.

Almaty Street Art

Almaty is home to some impressive street art, with some of the more striking works being intricate, Soviet-era, tile mosaics.

A mosaic dedicated to the 'The Hunt' adorns the wall of the KIMEP University Great Hall on Abai avenue.

A mosaic dedicated to the ‘The Hunt’ adorns the wall of the KIMEP University on Abai avenue.

The first Soviet mosaics appeared in the 1930s, adorning the grand Stalinist neo-classical train stations, theatres and the stations of the Moscow metro.

It then fell out of fashion in the 1950s under Nikita Khrushchev, but the monumentalist art aesthetic reappeared under Leonid Brezhnev in the late 1960s and 1970s. This was when most of the art appeared in Central Asian cities.

Located on Abay avenue, Kazakhstan’s most prestigious university, KIMEP, features a mosaic dedicated to ‘The Hunt’ which has been pieced together using coloured glass.

Adorning the wall of the Hotel Almaty, the 'Enlik-Kebek' mosaic tells a Kazakh folk tale of star-crossed lovers.

Adorning the wall of the Hotel Almaty, the ‘Enlik-Kebek’ mosaic tells a Kazakh folk tale of star-crossed lovers.

In the late Soviet period, any new public building automatically had 5% of the budget earmarked for “artistic elements”. If the project was a prestigious building, these would be designed bespoke by local artists.

​"The Girl with the Souvenir" is a tile mosaic which has been installed at Kok Tobe.

​”The Girl with the Souvenir” is a tile mosaic which has been installed at Kok Tobe.

Many of the mosaics in Almaty were created by Vladimir Tverdokhlebov who graduated from the Mukhina Institute in Leningrad in 1967. Following his graduation, he was dispatched to Almaty, where over the next decade he worked on a number of mosaics, murals and stained glass windows to adorn prestigious newly constructed buildings.

Kolsai Lakes National Park

An excellent weekend away from Almaty is to the stunningly beautiful Kolsai Lakes National Park, which lie close to the Kyrgyzstan border,  290 km east of Almaty.

Kolsai Lakes National Park

There are three lakes in the Kolsai Lakes National Park, this is the first and lowest of the three.

There are three lakes in the Kolsai Lakes National Park, this is the first and lowest of the three.

There are three lakes in the Kolsai Lakes National Park, all of which are connected by challenging hiking trails which are completely undeveloped. During our day at the park, we hiked two of the three lakes, the lower (1st) and middle (2nd) lakes. Most visitors to the park do not progress beyond the first lake.

Kolsai Lakes National Park Hiking

The gruelling 20-km return hike from the 1st to the 2nd Kolsai lake is a regular obstacle course!

The gruelling 20-km return hike from the 1st to the 2nd Kolsai lake is a regular obstacle course!

Despite the fact that an entrance fee is charged to access the National Park and that hundreds of local tourists visit each weekend, the trails are in no way maintained. There are plenty of steep, slippery, gravel descents which see people slipping and sliding and many other obstacles. The walk to the 2nd lake is a 20 km (return) endurance course!

Horses are available for those who don't wish to do the gruelling hike but they are very pushy on the narrow trail.

Horses are available for those who don’t wish to do the gruelling hike but they are very pushy on the narrow trail.

Added into the mix, horses are available for rent (4,000 tenge/ USD$10) for those who don’t wish to hike the 20 km round trip to the 2nd lake, which involves a climb of 434 metres. The horses dig up the track and force hikers to move off the trail as they barge through.

Lower Kolsai Lake 

"Reflection" - Lower Kolsai Lake.

“Reflection” – Lower Kolsai Lake.

Located at an altitude of 1,818 metres, the first and lowest lake is accessible by road and has a few guest-houses and campsites.

Measuring 1-km in length, 400-metres in width and 80-metres in depth, the lake is a natural mountain reservoir formed by landslides that block the Kolsai River and is popular with locals who stream into the park on the weekend to picnic, party, row boats, swim etc.

Middle Kolsai Lake

The breathtakingly beautiful Kolsai Middle (2nd) Lake is worth the gruelling hike.

The breathtakingly beautiful Kolsai Middle (2nd) Lake is worth the gruelling hike.

Located at an altitude of 2,252 metres, the hike to the 2nd lake is challenging (well – for me of very average fitness). The lake lies 5-km upstream from the lower lake (with an altitude difference of 434 metres/ 1,423 ft) , and is the largest of the three lakes, reaching a depth of 50 metres. (altitude: 2,252 meters).

Meandering its way through heavily wooded pine forests, the Kolsai river connects all three lakes.

Meandering its way through heavily wooded pine forests, the Kolsai river connects all three lakes.

The third lake lies 6 km above the middle lake at a height of 2,850 metres. Visiting all three on a day trip would be a super-human feat. If you spend some days camping in the park, you could visit all three lakes.

Lake Kaindy

Lake Kaindy is a spectacular sight, famous for its sunken forest.

Lake Kaindy is a spectacular sight, famous for its sunken forest.

Located at a height of 2,000 metres, and also part of the Kolsai Lakes National Park, the incredibly beautiful, and somewhat eerie, Lake Kaindy is accessed via a very rough (4WD only) road from the regional centre of Saty.

Our Russian-made UAZ 4WD was as comfortable as a tank but delivered us, relatively unscathed, to Lake Kaindy.

Our Russian-made UAZ 4WD was as comfortable as a tank but delivered us, relatively unscathed, to Lake Kaindy.

The journey there required us to be transferred to an assortment of Russian-made 4WD relics for the rough ride to the lake. I was park of a group which squeezed into the back of a grey, UAZ combi, which was fitted with hand-made wooden bench seats, installed along the walls. It was far from comfortable with my head hitting the low (wooden) ceiling every time we went over a bump.

The very surreal and peaceful Lake Kaindy.

The very surreal and peaceful Lake Kaindy.

Once near the lake, there was more hiking involved with a steep, uphill, 2 km hike from the car park. However, the view of the emerald-coloured lake with its sunken forest of submerged Picea schrenkiana trees was worth the effort. It really is a surreal sight!

The lake was formed as the result of a major limestone landslide forming a natural dam which was triggered by an earthquake in 1911. Below the waterline, you can still see the branches attached to the trees.

Black Canyon

A panoramic view of Black Canyon.

A panoramic view of Black Canyon.

One the return trip back to Almaty, our tour made a brief stop at the spectacular Black Canyon. It really was a weekend of one ‘wow’ after another. The canyon runs for many miles and I would have loved to have spent much more time photographing it, but Almaty was calling!

Touring Kolsai Lakes National Parks

To tour the lakes, I joined a local, weekend, tour group from Almaty as there was no independent way of visiting this part of the country. I toured with Blast Tours, but if I toured again I would join Campit who are much better organised, more professional and have English speaking guides. The full weekend tour was  bargain, costing just 16,000 tenge (US$40), which included all transport, accommodation and meals.

I travelled on a coach (a 2nd-hand relic from a French tour company), full of local Kazakh tourists, which left Almaty late on a Friday evening. I was the only international tourist and the only non-Russian speaker. Luckily some friendly locals, who spoke English, provided translation services during the course of the weekend since the guide only spoke Russian.

My family home stay in the small village of Karabulak.

My family home stay in the small village of Karabulak.

At 4 am on Saturday morning, our bus came to a halt in the small, and very dark, settlement of Karabulak where we were divided into small groups and billeted out to different family homes.

The 'bathroom basin' at my family home stay, with our tour bus in the background.

The ‘bathroom basin’ at my family home stay, with our tour bus in the background.

My home, typical of the village, had no running water and a filthy out-house toilet, which was installed next to the animal pen. The bathroom basin consisted of a pale of water attached to the front fence, this was used for teeth cleaning, face washing etc.

My cosy room in the family home stay in the village of Karabulak.

My cosy room in the family home stay in the village of Karabulak.

My room consisted of a bed which was a wooden board covered with foam all of which was covered with a carpet. It was surprisingly comfortable.

Breakfast time at my family home stay, which was shared with my fellow Kazakh tour members and house guests.

Breakfast time at my family home stay, which was shared with my fellow Kazakh tour members and house guests.

All meals were served at the family home (I didn’t see any restaurants anywhere), which was an ideal opportunity to sample typical Kazakh specialities. At all meals, plates of candy, biscuits and pots of homemade jams were served.

Accommodation

The accommodation scene in Kazakhstan is well developed in the main cities, where visitors are spoilt for choice with plenty of properties to suit all budgets. However, outside the cities, options are non-existent, which is a major hindrance for the development for tourism in the countryside. Not only are hotels missing but all vital services such as transport, restaurants, shops, banks etc.

My hotel of choice in Almaty, the wonderful Rahat Palace Hotel, was originally opened as the Hyatt Regency Almaty.

My hotel of choice in Almaty, the wonderful Rahat Palace Hotel, was originally opened as the Hyatt Regency Almaty.

During my time in Almaty, I stayed at the 292-room, Rahat Palace Hotel, which was originally opened in 1995 as the Hyatt Regency Almaty and was the first luxury hotel in Central Asia. The Hyatt sold the hotel in 2011, with the name being changed to Rahat Palace and today the hotel is a little old and tired. Some rooms have been renovated while others feature, drab, faded carpet and furnishings.

However, all is about to change, with Hyatt recently announcing that they will be returning and re-branding the hotel with a full renovation planned. Currently rooms can be purchased on any of the leading booking sights (booking.com or hotels.com) for around US$80 per night, which is a bargain for such an establishment.

The central lobby of the Rahat Palace Hotel.

The central lobby of the Rahat Palace Hotel.

Despite the hotel being a little faded, the staff are helpful, enthusiastic and professional. The rooms are comfortable and include king-sized beds. The soaring, central atrium, which features a bar set inside a yurt, is impressive, while the pool area is expansive and inviting.

As for food – the breakfast buffet is wonderful, and very affordable – if you book a room online with breakfast included. During my stay, a section of beehive took pride of place on the buffet, allowing guests to help themselves to fresh honeycomb which was wonderful a fresh baguette. The garden restaurant is a great place to relax, after a day of running around town, with main courses costing just US$5.

My comfortable room at the Rahat Palace Hotel.

My comfortable room at the Rahat Palace Hotel.

Almaty’s sights are easy to reach from the hotel, with one of the city’s metro stations, Auezov Theatre, just 200 metres away. Almaty Airport is a 30-minute drive from the hotel.

Eating Out

Menu at Batyr Burger in Almaty.

Menu at Batyr Burger in Almaty.

As with accommodation, there are lots of amazing restaurant and cafe options in cities like Almaty, but once you leave town you are stuck. On my weekend away at Kolsai Lakes National Park, our bus stopped at a roadside service centre, on the outskirts of Almaty, where we were advised to stock up on anything we might need to for the weekend. Once in the countryside, I saw no restaurants, cafes and very few shops.

Restaurants

Burgers in Kazakhstan are always served with a pair of latex gloves - to keep your hands clean.

Burgers in Kazakhstan are always served with a pair of latex gloves – to keep your hands clean.

There are many fine restaurants in Almaty, serving local and international cuisine. All of the usual fast food players are present, from McDonald’s, KFC, Burger King and more.

If you’re in the mood for a burger, may I suggest you skip the international chains and try the amazingly tasty and juicy burgers from the local chain – Batyr Burger. One quirk in Kazakhstan is that burgers are normally served with a pair of latex gloves which keep your hands clean.

This delicious BBQ chicken dinner at the five-star Rahat Palace Hotel cost me just US$5.

This delicious BBQ chicken dinner at the five-star Rahat Palace Hotel cost me just US$5.

In many parts of the world, you can experience mild shock when you ask for the bill at the end of a meal. How could what you ate cost so much? In Kazakhstan, I always experienced the opposite reaction, a pleasant surprise at how little my meals cost. Normally, one way to kill your budget, would be to dine at a 5-star hotel. However, in Almaty, I regularly dined at the 5-star Rahat Palace hotel where a main course cost just US$5.

A short walk from the Rahat Palace is the excellent Qaimaq which offers authentic Kazakh, Uzbek and Uygur cuisine (again at very reasonable prices) in a relaxed garden setting. The ceiling of the restaurant is strung with giant red apples – a celebration of Almaty – the apple city.

Cafés

The Abay avenue branch of Cafe Nedelka is always inviting and offers some of the best coffee in Almaty.

The Abay avenue branch of Cafe Nedelka is always inviting and offers some of the best coffee in Almaty.

You’ll find all of the international coffee chains in Almaty, from Starbucks to Gloria Jeans. However, there are many superior local chains, with the my favourite being Cafe Nedelka, who have three branches throughout the city.

My favourite (and the most convenient to reach) is their branch on the leafy and green – Abay Avenue, which is a 2-minute walk from Abay metro station.

Cafe Nedelka offers amazing coffee, the freshest of cakes and a menu full of options for breakfast, lunch and dinner.

Cafe Nedelka offers amazing coffee, the freshest of cakes and a menu full of options for breakfast, lunch and dinner.

With English speaking staff, Barista’s who know how to prepare a decent ‘flat white’, a menu which is affordable and full international and local specialities, Nedelka is justifiably very popular with locals and visitors. Their selection of fresh cakes is very wicked and tempting and best to be avoided – right!

The small, but excellent, coffee shop at the Green Bazar, which is owned and operated by Bowler Coffee Roasters.

The small, but excellent, coffee shop at the Green Bazar, which is owned and operated by Bowler Coffee Roasters.

Not to be out-done, the small, one-man, hole-in-the-wall, cafe at the Green Bazar, which is operated by Bowler Coffee Roasters, offers a robust cup of excellent coffee.

The barista from Bowler Coffee Roasters, preparing the perfect Flat White.

The barista from Bowler Coffee Roasters, preparing the perfect Flat White.

Originally from the Netherlands, Bowler Coffee Roasters have set up two cafes in Almaty and have recently put local Burger King staff through a Barista training course.

Artwork at the Bowler Coffee Roasters cafe in the Green Bazar.

Artwork at the Bowler Coffee Roasters cafe in the Green Bazar.

The cafe at the bazar occupies one of the 1st floor viewing platforms from which you have an eagle-eye view of the busy market below. It’s an ideal place to take photos of the market, since photography is strangely prohibited and, if you are seen on the floor of the market taking photos, you will be accosted by the security guards. The guards have their office directly below the cafe and never look up, leaving you free to snap away.

Bars

An ice-cold mug of local beer, very refreshing on a hot summer's day.

An ice-cold mug of local beer, very refreshing on a hot summer’s day.

It’s estimated that 70% of the Kazakh population are practising Muslims, but Kazakhs are relatively big drinkers despite of the Muslim prohibition on alcohol. Alcohol is regarded as an integral part of the culture. Toasts are features of big events and declining a drink is considered rude. Almaty is full of bars, many of which can be found along Panfilov street.

Kazakhstan Cognac sells for just a few dollars a bottle in most supermarkets.

Kazakhstan Cognac sells for just a few dollars a bottle in most supermarkets.

In Kazakhstan men mostly drink vodka. Straight. Cognac is considered a ladies drink. Kazakhstan makes its own version which you can find on all supermarket shelves, costing just a few dollars a bottle.

Visa Requirements

Kazakhstan passport stamp.

Kazakhstan passport stamp.

In an effort to encourage more tourism to the country, visa requirements for Kazakhstan have been relaxed in recent years with citizens of many countries now able to enter Kazakhstan without a visa. To check your current visa requirements, you should consult the visa policy of Kazakhstan.

Migration Card

The Kazakhstan migration form.

The Kazakhstan migration form.

Upon entering the country, you’ll need to complete a white migration form which will be stamped twice and handed back to you for safekeeping.

The Kazakhstan migration form - which must be stamped twice!

The Kazakhstan migration form – which must be stamped twice!

It’s important that you retain this form and hand it in upon departure – failure to do so can result in a fine! It’s also important that the form is stamped twice which indicates that you do not need to register with the authorities. One stamp on the form however indicates that you need to register – a requirement you should avoid.

Getting There

Air

The two main international gateways to Kazakhstan are Almaty International Airport (IATA: ALA) and Nursultan Nazarbayev International Airport in Astana (IATA: TSE).

Additionally, many other airports provide connections to Russian cities, while four other airports provide international connections elsewhere:

Almaty International Airport

Almaty International is the largest airport in Kazakhstan and receives the most traffic, handling over three million passengers a year. Despite this, the baggage carousels are extremely small which results in lots of people crammed into a small area, pushing and shoving, vying to retrieve their bags. Not a good introduction to the country!

The airport serves as the primary hub for the national carrier, Air Astana, which handles most flights into Kazakhstan. The airport also serves as the main hub for Qazaq Air which operates domestic flights.

The following airlines provide scheduled flights to/ from Almaty:

  • Aeroflot – flies to/from Moscow–Sheremetyevo
  • Air Arabia – flies to/from Sharjah
  • Air Astana – flies to/from Aktau, Aktobe, Atyrau, Baku, Bangkok–Suvarnabhumi, Beijing–Capital, Bishkek, Delhi, Dubai–International, Dushanbe, Ho Chi Minh City, Hong Kong, Istanbul, Karaganda, Kazan, Kiev–Boryspil, Kuala Lumpur–International, Kyzylorda, Moscow–Sheremetyevo, Nur-Sultan, Oral, Oskemen, Pavlodar, Saint Petersburg, Seoul–Incheon, Sharm El Sheikh, Shymkent, Tashkent, Tbilisi, Ürümqi
  • Angara Airlines – flies to/from Krasnoyarsk–Yemelyanovo
  • Asiana Airlines – flies to/from Seoul–Incheon
  • Azerbaijan Airlines – flies to/from Baku
  • Belavia – flies to/from Minsk
  • China Southern Airlines – flies to/from Ürümqi
  • FlyArystan – flies to/from Karaganda, Nur-Sultan, Oral, Pavlodar, Shymkent, Taraz
  • flydubai – flies to/from Dubai–International
  • Hainan Airlines – flies to/from Beijing–Capital
  • Kam Air – flies to/from Kabul
  • Lufthansa – flies to/from Frankfurt
  • Mahan Air – flies to/from Tehran-Imam Khomeini
  • Nordwind – flies to/from Samara
  • Pegasus Airlines – flies to/from Istanbul–Sabiha Gökçen
  • Qazaq Air – flies to/from Bishkek, Nur-Sultan, Osh, Pavlodar, Shymkent, Kostanay, Kyzylorda
  • Rossiya – flies to/from Saint Petersburg
  • S7 Airlines – flies to/from Novosibirsk
  • SCAT Airlines – flies to/from Aktau, Aktobe, Atyrau, Karagandy, Kokshetau, Kostanay, Mineralnye Vody, Nur-Sultan, Oral, Oskemen, Petropavl, Semey, Shymkent, Taraz, Usharal, Xi’an, Zhezkazgan
  • Turkish Airlines – flies to/from Istanbul
  • Turkmenistan Airlines – flies to/from Ashgabat
  • Ukraine International Airlines – flies to/from Kiev–Boryspil
  • Ural Airlines – flies to/from Moscow-Zhukovsky, Saint Petersburg
  • Uzbekistan Airways – flies to/from Tashkent

Airport Transport

The airport is located six miles northeast of Almaty city centre and there are two main modes of transportation for the 20 minute journey – bus or taxi.

Metered taxis can be hired from the official taxi stand inside the arrival’s hall, with the 20 minute trip into downtown Almaty costing about 10,000 kzt (USD$26). Bus #3  connects the airport with downtown Almaty

Land

You can cross into Kazakhstan using a variety of land borders between Russia, China, Kyrgyzstan, Uzbekistan and Turkmenistan. For a comprehensive list of all borders, you should refer to the following website.

Train

On my first trip to Kazakhstan in 1995, I embarked on a 77-hour train journey from Moscow to Almaty, a journey which could only be described as an odyssey.

During the trip, I shared a four-bed compartment with various locals. During the Russian segment of the journey, I was offered straight vodka for breakfast by my fellow Russian passengers. Once in Kazakhstan, I was offered Cognac for breakfast by my fellow Kazakh passengers. I rolled off the train in Almaty! There are many epic train journey’s which one can make across the vast, empty countryside of Kazakhstan.

There are two main stations in Almaty; Almaty-1 & Almaty-2, from which international trains depart for Urumqi (China), Tashkent (Uzbekistan), Moscow (Russia) and other Russian cities.

Tickets can be purchased from the Kazakh website – tickets.kz,

Taxi – Almaty to Bishkek

Shared taxis for Bishkek waiting at Sayran bus station in Almaty.

Shared taxis for Bishkek waiting at Sayran bus station in Almaty.

The fastest and most convenient way to travel between Almaty and Bishkek (Kyrgyzstan) is via one of the frequent shared taxis which depart, when full, from the Sayran bus station in Almaty. The 235 km journey takes approximately 5 hours, depending on the amount of congestion at the border.

Taxis park alongside the Sino Oil petrol station on Utegen Batyr street and carry four passengers, charging 4,000 kzt (USD$10) per place. I always pay for a 2nd place which provides a little more breathing room for everyone plus the taxi gets to leave earlier since it waits for one less passenger.

On the road to Bishkek from Almaty.

On the road to Bishkek from Almaty.

Taxis from Almaty carry passengers to the border crossing which is in the bustling border town of Korday. The two immigration complexes are next to each other and are quick and straight-forward. I crossed at lunchtime during a weekday, which took about 15 minutes in total.

On the Kyrgyzstan side of the border, taxis wait to carry you into Bishkek, which is a 20 minute drive and costs about 400 krygyz som.

Bus

Long distances buses depart from Sayran bus station in Almaty. The bus station is easily reached via the Sayran metro station. Buses depart for cities in Kazakhstan with international departures for Kyrgyzstan, Uzbekistan, Tajikistan and China.

Sea

A ferry service connects the Kazakh port city of Kuryk (70 km south of Aktau) to Baku in Azerbaijan, leaving every 3-5 days. The ferries are actually cargo boats, which leave when they are full. They do not operate to any timetable and delays are common but, once underway, the journey time between Kuryk and Baku is 30 hours.

Getting Around

Street signage in Almaty.

Street signage in Almaty.

Public Buses

The Almaty bus route map.

The Almaty bus route map.

There are a total of 125 bus routes and 8 trolleybus routes which cover Almaty and beyond. A single ride on a bus costs 150 kzt, when tickets are purchased from the driver, or 80 kzt when using the stored value Onay Card.

A sprawling city, Almaty is connected by a comprehensive network of bus routes.

A sprawling city, Almaty is connected by a comprehensive network of bus routes.

Detailed route maps (only in Cyrillic) can be viewed on the Alatransit website. One key route for visitors is bus #12, which connects Abay metro to Medeu, from where you can take the Shymbulak cable car into the mountains.

The Almaty "Hop-on / Hop-Off" bus leaves from Republic square.

The Almaty “Hop-on / Hop-Off” bus leaves from Republic square.

A Hop-on / Hop-off sightseeing bus departs from a dedicated stop at Republic Square.

Metro

A metro train ready to depart from Baikonur station.

A metro train ready to depart from Baikonur station.

Almaty’s metro is comfortable, reliable, shiny and kept spotlessly clean by a small army of cleaners who continuously mop and polish all surfaces. Opened in December of 2011, after more than 23 years of construction, the metro consists of one single line with nine stations spread over a distance of 11.3 km (7.0 mi).

Almaty Metro route map.

Almaty Metro route map.

With clean, comfortable trains arriving punctually, every 10 minutes from 6.30 am to 11.30 pm, the Metro is the best way to travel around Almaty.

Locals often sit while riding the incredibly long escalators on the Almaty metro.

Locals often sit while riding the incredibly long escalators on the Almaty metro.

There are currently a total of seven trains running on the network. The list of stations are:

  • Raiymbek batyr (stop for: Almaty 2 Railway station)
  • Zhibek Zholy (stop for: Green Bazar, Zenkov’s Cathedral, shopping street)
  • Almaly (stop for: restaurants, cafes, shops)
  • Abay (stop for: Koke Tobe cable car, Nedelka Cafe and Bus #12 to Medeu)
  • Baikonur (stop for: Almaty Tourist Office)
  • Auezov Theater (stop for: Almaty Circus, Rahat Palace Hotel, Auezov Theater)
  • Alatau
  • Sayran (stop for: Sayran inter-city bus station)
  • Moskva
All metro entrances features the same glass canopy and the red 'M' metro logo.

All metro entrances features the same glass canopy and the red ‘M’ metro logo.

With their entrances covered by a sweeping glass canopy, which are fronted by the red ‘M’ metro logo, the nine stations are easily identified. Upon entering the station, you pass through airport-style security screening before proceeding to the ticket window where you purchase a plastic yellow token for 80 tenge (US$0.21) from the friendly (always female) attendants. If you’ll be travelling frequently, you can purchase a ‘stored valueOnay Card from any station.

The futuristic Baikonur station on the Almaty metro.

The futuristic Baikonur station on the Almaty metro.

There are no indicators advising when the next train is due but a timer above the entrance to each tunnel counts up to 10 minutes, at which point a train should be approaching.

Platform signage at "Raiymbek batyr" station, one of the terminus stations.

Platform signage at “Raiymbek batyr” station, one of the terminus stations.

The stations of the Almaty metro feature decorative artwork which is worth investigating while you’re waiting for your train to arrive.

A ceramic, Silk Road, mural at Zhibek Zholy (Silk Road) Metro Station.

A ceramic mural depicts scenes from the Silk Road at Zhibek Zholy (Silk Road) Metro Station.

The headquarters of the Metro company is housed above the Zhibek Zholy (Silk Road) station which is decorated with ceramic artwork depicting scenes from that infamous route.

Zhibek Zholy, the Silk Road metro station.

Zhibek Zholy, the Silk Road metro station.

Taxi

Yandex Taxi is an online ride-sharing service which was launched in 2011 and is now present in most of Central Asia. In 2018, Yandex and Uber merged their operations in the region. The Yandex app can be downloaded onto a smartphone and, in terms of functionality, is very similar to Uber.

Bicycle

The flat and shady cycle lane which runs the length of Abay avenue.

The flat and shady cycle lane which runs the length of Abay avenue.

With a network of cycle lanes installed along shady, tree-lined avenues, exploring Almaty by bicycle is ideal! Almaty Bike operate a network of shared bikes which can be found in different downtown locations. Prior to using the service, you need to register for a chip card from one of their many booths which requires you presenting your passport.

Shared Almaty bikes can be found at various locations in downtown Almaty.

Shared Almaty bikes can be found at various locations in downtown Almaty.

Rental Car

A view of a highway in Almaty with the Tien Shan mountains in the background.

A view of a highway in Almaty with the Tien Shan mountains in the background.

Not really recommended unless you can read Cyrillic! Most signs are in Russian and Kazakh (which are written in Cyrillic) with few signs written in the Latin alphabet, however, signs on the main highways are always written in the Cyrillic and Latin form.

A Kazakhstan license plate.

A Kazakhstan license plate.

Hertz Almaty (Tel: +7 707 695 3808) maintain an office inside the lobby of the Rahat Palace Hotel and charge 23,000 kzt (US$60) per day for a compact car. If you wish to drive a rental car across an international border, the rental company will need to organise insurance paperwork which will attract an additional fee.

 


That’s the end of my Kazakhstan Travel Guide.

Safe Travels!

Darren


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Further Reading

Other travel reports from the Central Asia region:

Additional blogs, articles and information on Kazakhstan are available on the Indy Guide website.

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Travel Quiz 13: World Currencies

World Currencies Quiz: A selection of Kyrgyzstan Som bank notes.

World Currencies Quiz

This is a World Currencies quiz from taste2travel!

How well do you know your currencies?

Test your knowledge with this world currencies quiz from taste2travel.

How well will you score? Your result will be displayed at the bottom of the quiz – will you get to see the legendary Marco Polo?

Good luck!


01. What's the official currency of the Galapagos Islands?

A playful Galápagos Sea lion on South Plaza Island.
Correct! Wrong!

02. This is the currency of which country?

World Currencies Quiz: A selection of Kyrgyzstan Som bank notes.
Correct! Wrong!

03. If you were shopping on Samoa using the official currency, which would you be using?

Souvenir Lava-lava's on sale at the Fugalei market.
Correct! Wrong!

04. What's the official currency of Qatar?

The wonderfully colourful and beautiful currency of Qatar, the Riyal.
Correct! Wrong!

05. The Australian dollar is the official currency of which Pacific nation?

The official currency of Tuvalu is the Australian dollar.
Correct! Wrong!

06. On which Indian Ocean island is the Euro the official currency?

Euro Currency
Correct! Wrong!

07. What's the official currency of North Korea?

Currency North Korea
Correct! Wrong!

08. The Eastern Caribbean dollar is the official currency of how many nations/ territories?

My collection of Eastern Caribbean Dollars.
Correct! Wrong!

09. What's the official currency of Kuwait?

Known as the strongest currency in the world, one Kuwaiti Dinar is worth a little more than US$3.
Correct! Wrong!

10. This is the currency of which country?

The Taka features a portrait of the Father of the Nation, Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujibur Rahman.
Correct! Wrong!

11. The Tenge is the official currency of which country?

The 10,000 tenge banknote, issued in 2011 to commemorate the 20th anniversary of independence from the Soviet Union.
Correct! Wrong!

12. If you paid for a scenic flight over the Blue hole in New Caledonia, using local currency, which would you be spending?

Blue Hole of Voh, New Caledonia.
Correct! Wrong!

13. This is the currency of which country?

Iceland Travel Guide: My Icelandic 1000 Krona bank note.
Correct! Wrong!

14. What's the official currency of Mauritius?

Thatched umbrellas provide shade on the east coast beach of Belle Mare.
Correct! Wrong!

15. If you paid for a scenic flight over Kaieteur Falls using the local currency, which would you be spending?

A rainbow over Kaieteur Falls, Guyana.
Correct! Wrong!

16. What's the official unit of currency of Brazil?

The official currency of Brazil - Brazilian Reals.
Correct! Wrong!

17. If you were shopping in Bahrain, which currency would you be using?

Golden lanterns at Manana souk.
Correct! Wrong!

18. How many official currencies are there in Antarctica?

Port Lockroy Gentoo Penguins
Correct! Wrong!

19. What's the official currency of the Åland Islands?

Typical Åland Islands Landscape
Correct! Wrong!

20. What's the official currency of the Dutch Caribbean territory of Saba?

Artwork at Saba airport.
Correct! Wrong!

Travel Quiz 13: World Currencies
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Réunion Travel Guide

Like so many creatures on Reunion, the striking Panther Chameleon was introduced to the island from Madagascar.

Réunion Travel Guide

Welcome to the taste2travel Réunion Travel Guide!

Date Visited: March 2019 

Introduction

If I had to nominate my most rewarding and surprising travel destination, so far in 2019, it would have to be Réunion! Prior to my arrival, I had met no one who had been to the island and I had little idea of what awaited me.

A view of the Piton de la Fournaise, one of the world's most active volcano's which erupted one month before my visit.

A view of the Piton de la Fournaise, one of the world’s most active volcano’s which erupted one month before my visit.

Wow! My only problem in the end was that the two weeks I had allocated, was not enough – there was still so much more to see.

So many breath-taking views on Réunion, including this one of the <i>Plaine des Sables</i> at the Piton de la Fournaise volcano.

So many breath-taking views on Réunion, including this one of the Plaine des Sables at the Piton de la Fournaise volcano.

If you’ve ever considered visiting this remote French territory, located in the middle of the Indian Ocean, I would encourage you to do so. Apart from the French, very few people knew of the existence or whereabouts of Réunion, but that changed in 2015, when the island made worldwide news after a piece of debris from a plane, thought to be from MH370, washed up on its volcanic shores.

Tourism is an important part of the economy but the island does little to promote itself and almost all visitors are French tourists who arrive from metropolitan France. The approach to tourism could be summed up as – ‘By the French, for the French!‘. With almost all signage in French and locals unwilling (or unable) to speak anything other than French, the island is best suited to visitors who can converse in French.

A view of the Plaine des Sables from my helicopter flight.

A view of the Plaine des Sables from my helicopter flight.

Reunion, which is an overseas department of France (department #974), it’s incredibly beautiful, a fascinating, engaging destination which is fully developed and easy to explore. I returned for a second visit, after a side trip to Mayotte (another nearby French territory), and was very happy to be back on the island and would return again given the opportunity.

If you imagine the island to be an Indian ocean backwater then you’ll be surprised to find that Reunion is a thoroughly modern place. The French authorities have invested a huge amount of money developing the territory and, at times, it’s hard to know if you’re in the Indian Ocean or somewhere on the French Riviera.

Modern houses and apartments line pristine streets, locals drive their flashy cars to the local shopping centre to shop for the latest electronic gadgets and fancy boutiques sell current European fashions.

A hand-painted Reunion sarong features a fiery Piton de la Fournaise.

A hand-painted Reunion sarong features a fiery Piton de la Fournaise.

While French is the official language, most islanders speak Réunion Creole. The Reunionnais are friendly and welcoming but more reserved than their neighbours on Mauritius.

If you wish to gain some insights into life on Reunion, a local website – Apressi.re – features content (in French) based on local news and tips. Apreci in creole means enjoy and was launched a year ago by 2 journalists, one from France, the other from Australia.

Image: Reunion Media Article

While sipping a coffee at the Coffee Shop de Bourbon in downtown St. Denis, I was interviewed by Soe, the Australian half of the team.

The dramatic and immense volcano landscapes on Reunion make for impressive photography, best appreciated from a helicopter sightseeing tour.

The dramatic and immense volcano landscapes on Reunion make for impressive photography, best appreciated from a helicopter sightseeing tour.

What makes the island such a rewarding travel destination is its truly astonishing diversity of landscapes. Rising from the Indian Ocean, this huge volcanic, basalt rock is cloaked in lush green vegetation. The island is a scenically magical place, which features two volcanic systems, high plains, soaring peaks, deep ravines, canyons, waterfalls, beaches and more.

The Formica Leo crater at the Piton de la Fournaise volcano.

The Formica Leo crater at the Piton de la Fournaise volcano.

How diverse are the landscapes? While on the beach at St. Gilles, you can be sweltering away in temperatures approaching 40 degrees (C) and humidity near to 100%. A short drive up the slope of the volcano will bring you to Le Maïdo, which, at an elevation of 2,200 metres, is often cloaked in cool fog, subject to sudden rainstorms and experiences average daytime temperatures of just 15 degrees (C).

Cars parked in a car park (bottom right) inside the Cirque de Salazie provide a sense of scale for the towering walls which encircle the three cirques.

Cars parked in a car park (bottom right) inside the Cirque de Salazie provide a sense of scale for the towering walls which encircle the three cirques.

If you love hiking or the outdoors, Reunion is your nirvana! Apart from hiking, the island offers many activities such as paragliding, canyoning, mountain biking, rafting, Scuba diving, fishing, whale-watching, helicopter flights and more.

What are you waiting for?

Location

Located well off the tourist radar, in the middle of the Indian Ocean, the French territory of Réunion (French: La Réunion) lies 944 km (587 mi) east of Madagascar – 1,435 km (892 mi) southeast of Mayotte and 175 km (109 mi) southwest of Mauritius.

At 2,512 square kilometres (970 square miles), it is the largest of the Mascarene islands, a volcanic chain of islands which include neighbouring Mauritius and Rodrigues.

Réunion is located above a hot-spot in the Earth’s crust and was formed by two volcanic systems, one now dormant, Piton des Neiges, and one still very much active, Piton de la Fournaise.

Reunion Travel Guide: An artist's depiction of an eruption of the Piton de la Fournaise, displayed at the Volcano House museum.

An artist’s depiction of an eruption of the Piton de la Fournaise, displayed at the Volcano House museum.

The island’s topography is incredibly mountainous, with the highest peak, the Piton des Neiges (Snow Peak) reaching 3,069 m (10,069 ft). High plains separate the two systems with the surrounding landscape punctuated by incredibly deep canyons and ravines.

'Living on the Edge' - houses built close to the edge of a deep gorge, as seen from my helicopter flight over Réunion Island.

‘Living on the Edge’ – houses built close to the edge of a deep gorge, as seen from my helicopter flight over Réunion Island.

The coastline of Reunion is exposed, rocky and treacherous with one small stretch on the west coast protected by an offshore reef and offering white sandy beaches. There are many reasons to visit Réunion, however beach tourism isn’t one of them, with much nicer beaches available on Mauritius or the Seychelles.

A view from my helicopter flight of the north-west coast shows the coral reef and the lagoon which offers the only protected swimming on Réunion Island.

A view from my helicopter flight of the north-west coast shows the coral reef and the lagoon which offers the only protected swimming on Réunion Island.

People

A painting depicting Réunionnais at an exhibition at the Musée de Villèle.

A painting depicting Réunionnais at an exhibition at the Musée de Villèle.

Prior to the discovery of the island by the Portuguese in the 16th century, Reunion was a remote, uninhabited outpost. The French took control of the island in the early 1600’s and began colonising it from 1665.

In the following centuries, the island was used as an important stopover point for trade boats plying the waters between Asia, Europe, Africa and the Middle East. This attracted settlers from France, Madagascar, Mozambique, India, China and the Comoros.

An exhibition at the Musée de Villèle tells the story of Reunion's days of slavery.

An exhibition at the Musée de Villèle tells the story of Reunion’s days of slavery.

Slaves were introduced to the island to work on sugar plantations, and – following the abolition of slavery – indentured labourers from South India were brought to the island.

As of 2019, Réunion had an ethnically diverse population of 866,506, a population with a mixed Creole culture. Not all inhabitants identify themselves as Creole, especially the approximately 100,000 French mainlander’s who dominate the island’s administration and economy.

Fauna & Flora

Like so many creatures on Reunion, the striking Panther Chameleon was introduced to the island from Madagascar.

Like so many creatures on Reunion, the striking Panther Chameleon was introduced to the island from Madagascar.

Fauna

More than a third of Réunion’s surface area is still covered with native forests and wild plants, providing a rich environment for the island’s fauna. Being a remote island, Réunion is home to a limited variety of native animals, most of which are birds, however many species have been introduced from neighbouring Madagascar.

The island is largely a safe place to explore, with no venomous animals, however, signs on the beaches warn of the possibility of shark attacks.

Being 'eye-balled' by a male Panther Chameleon.

Being ‘eye-balled’ by a male Panther Chameleon.

Various species of Chameleons have been introduced to Reunion from Madagascar, including the stunningly beautiful Panther Chameleon. I was fortunate to spot a male and female pair lazing in a shrub while on the way to the Grand Galet waterfall. They were happy to pose for photo’s which I can share with you here.

Much smaller and far less striking than the male, this female Panther Chameleon was hanging out in a shrub next to her male partner.

Much smaller and far less striking than the male, this female Panther Chameleon was hanging out in a shrub next to her male partner.

The much more colourful male can grow up to 20 centimetres in length, while the much less flamboyant females reach about half that size. When carrying eggs, females – such as the one pictured above – typically turn dark brown or black with orange striping to signify to males they have no intention of mating.

The Day gecko was introduced to Reunion Island from Madagascar.

The Day gecko was introduced to Reunion Island from Madagascar.

Another common sight on Reunion, and another species introduced from Madagascar, is the (very green) Day gecko. As their name suggests, day geckos are active mainly during the day, which is in contrast to most other gecko species. These guys love nectar, pollen and anything sweet. More than once, I enticed them to lick the jam off my knife while having breakfast. Very cute to watch their little pink tongues in action!

The 'Madagascar Red Fody' was introduced to Reunion from - guess where?

The ‘Madagascar Red Fody’ was introduced to Reunion from – guess where?

Another common sight on Reunion, and yet another species introduced from Madagascar, the brilliantly orange Madagascar Red Fody always contrasts starkly against the lush green vegetation and is impossible to miss as it darts before your eyes in an orange flash.

Reunion Travel Guide: The very curious, Reunion Stone-chat is endemic to the island and can be found in high-altitude forests and scrub lands.

The very curious, Reunion Stone-chat is endemic to the island and can be found in high-altitude forests and scrub lands.

One of my favourite birds on the island is the Reunion Stone-chat, which is intensely curious and friendly and will always come close to investigate you. These social creatures can be found on the higher slopes of the volcanoes, where they inhabit high-altitude forests and scrub lands.

Flora

Vanilla is widely grown on Reunion and is an important export item.

Vanilla is widely grown on Reunion and is an important export item.

While not native to the island, the vanilla plant is widely cultivated and is an important export item. Introduced to Reunion at the beginning of the 19th century, from Mexico, French colonists wanted to start vanilla production on the island but were unsuccessful since no insect would pollinate the vines.

The industry was saved by a 12 year old slave, Edmond Albius, who discovered the process for the manual fertilisation of this orchid. His technique is still used today, with all vanilla being cross-pollinated by hand. Vanilla from Reunion Island, or Bourbon Vanilla, is considered to be the best in the world.

Hiking

With no roads, the rugged, pristine and somewhat inaccessible, Cirque de Mafate, is a hiker's paradise.

With no roads, the rugged, pristine and somewhat inaccessible, Cirque de Mafate, is a hiker’s paradise.

The Reunion National Park covers 42% of the island, and provides more than 900 km of marked trails for hikers, catering to everyone from beginners to experienced walkers. An added bonus? There are no entrance fees and anyone can camp anywhere around the island.

Reunion has three long-distance hiking trails, endorsed by the French Hiking Federation (Fédération française de randonnée pédestre):

  1. GR R1 is 60 km in length and takes a route around Piton des Neiges and past the Salazie, Mafate and Cilaos craters.
  2. GR R2 is the big daddy of them all, crossing the island from north to south, on a 130 km odyssey from the coast to the summits of Piton des Neiges (3,069 m) and Piton de la Fournaise (‎2,632 m) then back down to the coast.
  3. GR R3 (38 km) crosses the Mafate crater, a site that is accessible only on foot.
A map illustrating the GR R1 and GR R2 hiking trails on Reunion.

A map illustrating the GR R1 and GR R2 hiking trails on Reunion.

Currency

Euro Currency

Euro Currency

The official currency of Réunion is the Euro (€), with €1 currently (December 2020) worth US$1.23. To check the current exchange rate, please click here.

French banks maintain branches throughout the island with ATM’s available in most towns. Credit cards are widely accepted throughout Réunion.

The Réunion €0 souvenir bank note can be purchased from a vending machine at the airport.

The Réunion €0 souvenir bank note can be purchased from a vending machine at the airport.

If you’re a collector of currencies, you might be interest in purchasing a Réunion €0 souvenir bank note, which will set you back €3 (hardly a fair exchange rate!) and are dispensed from a vending machine which is installed near the departure gates at Roland Garros International airport.

Costs

Many treats on Réunion are surprisingly affordable, including waffles and ice-cream at Café Amorino.

Many treats on Réunion are surprisingly affordable, including waffles and ice-cream at Café Amorino.

Typical daily travel budgets:

  • Budget: €100 (USD$)
  • Mid-Range: €100-200 (USD$)
  • Top-End: €200+ (USD$)

Sample costs: 

  • Bottle of Coca Cola (1.5 litre): €1.60 (US$)
  • Bottle of Water (330 ml): €0.50 (US$)
  • Bottle of Rivière du Mât rum (700 ml): €10.99 (US$)
  • Bottle of French wine (750 ml): €5.00+ (US$)
  • Cappuccino: €3 (US$)
  • Bus Ticket: €1.80 (US$)
  • Car hire (compact car per day): €29+ (US$)
  • Litre of fuel: €1.48 (US$)
  • Meal (inexpensive restaurant): €12 (US$)
  • Meal for 2 (mid-range restaurant): €50 (US$)
  • Big Mac Meal at McDonald’s: €12 (US$)
  • Room in a budget hotel: €18 (US$)
  • Room in a mid-range hotel: €80+ (US$)
  • Room in a top-end hotel: €150+ (US$)

Sights

I spent two busy weeks exploring Reunion which still wasn’t enough time to cover the myriad sights on the island. With 900 km of hiking trails, you could easily spend weeks on the island. A rental car will allow you to maximise your time and, thanks to the excellent infrastructure, travel times are short.

Saint Denis

One of many magnificent mansions which line the Rue de Paris in Saint Denis.

One of many magnificent mansions which line the Rue de Paris in Saint Denis.

Like everything else on Reunion, the capital, Saint Denis, was a pleasant surprise – a city full of Creole-style mansions that reflect its colonial heritage.

A small, cosmopolitan city, St. Denis was founded in 1669 and became the capital of Réunion in 1738. The sights of the city can easily be explored on foot in a day, however different museums and galleries have varying opening times so its best to check in advance if something is on your wish list. I’ve included opening hours under each entry.

The main artery of St. Denis is the Avenue de la Victoire, which runs from the waterfront, inland to the Hôtel de Ville (Town hall), at which point it becomes the Rue de Paris, which continues onto Le Jardin de l’État (the State garden).

Most sights are conveniently placed along this central corridor and are listed below in order from the seafront to the garden. St. Denis has many finely preserved buildings, all of which are very photogenic. Many of the mansions which line the city’s streets were built by the owners of sugar and coffee plantations during the island’s colonial hey-day. Today, these mansions serve as galleries, museums and the local tourist information office.

Le Barachois

Canons line the waterfront at <i>Le Barachois</i>, a waterfront park, in downtown Saint Denis.

Canons line the waterfront at Le Barachois, a waterfront park, in downtown Saint Denis.

Located on the waterfront in downtown Saint Denis, Le Barachois, a green seafront esplanade is lined with colonial-era canons, and offers sweeping views of the Indian ocean. The park anchors the Avenue de la Victoire and, as such, is a good place to start a walking tour of St. Denis. From here, the avenue leads inland to the first of many sights, the Cathedral Of Saint Denis.

The clean waters of the Indian ocean provide an ideal fishing ground for two local boys, seen here at Le Barachois.

The clean waters of the Indian ocean provide an ideal fishing ground for two local boys, seen here at Le Barachois.

Cathedrale de Saint-Denis de La Reunion

Completed in 1832, the Cathedral of Saint Denis is dedicated to the patron saint of the city.

Completed in 1832, the Cathedral of Saint Denis is dedicated to the patron saint of the city.

Located on Avenue de la Victoire, but partially hidden behind a façade of trees, the simple but beautiful Cathedrale de Saint-Denis de La Reunion is fronted by a small park which features an ornamental fountain at its core.

An image of the patron saint of the city, Saint Denis, on display inside the Cathedral of Saint Denis.

An image of the patron saint of the city, Saint Denis, on display inside the Cathedral of Saint Denis.

The interior of the cathedral is bathed in natural sunlight thanks to wide, arched, windows and features frescoes and an iconic painting of Saint Denis – the patron saint of the city.

In the evening, the cobbled streets surrounding the cathedral come alive with restaurants, bars, bistros and cafes serving the local party crowd.

The best coffee on the island (and amazing food) is to be found at the Coffee Shop de Bourbon which is located one block back from the cathedral at 31 Rue Alexis de Villeneuve (see the ‘Eating Out‘ section for more).

Monument I Guerre Mondiale

The <i>Monument I Guerre Mondiale</I> (WWI monument) lies in the heart of St. Denis.

The Monument I Guerre Mondiale (WWI monument) lies in the heart of St. Denis.

Located on a small roundabout opposite the Hôtel de Ville (Town hall), the Monument I Guerre Mondiale is dedicated to those who lost their lives during WWI. This iconic monument serves as a marker for the centre of the old town and it’s at this point that Avenue de la Victoire changes name to become Rue de Paris as it continues its journey inland.

Inaugurated in 1923, the monument features a large granite column which is surmounted by an angel of white marble brandishing a laurel wreath. In 1941, a sealed urn, containing a parcel of “French Land”, was placed inside the monument.

Hôtel de Ville

The striking <i>Hôtel de Ville</i> (Town Hall) in St. Denis.

The striking Hôtel de Ville (Town Hall) in St. Denis.

Across the road from the WWI monument is the very photogenic and majestic Hôtel de Ville (Town hall) which displays all the attributes of typical French colonial architecture.

While the town hall is a busy, functioning institution, tours are conducted every Wednesday at 2 pm with tickets available from the tourist information office. If you’re not taking the tour, you’ll have to content yourself with photographing the building from outside.

Maison Carrère

Built in 1905 by Raphaël Carrère, a major sugar trader, <i>Maison Carrère</i> is now home to the local tourist office.

Built in 1905 by Raphaël Carrère, a major sugar trader, Maison Carrère is now home to the local tourist office.

Located a short walk along from the Town hall at 14 Rue de Paris, the beautiful, Maison Carrère is named after Raphaël Carrère, a major sugar trader, who constructed the timber mansion in 1905 to house his wife and five daughters. The mansion today houses a free museum with period furnishings and the city’s Tourist Information office.

Opening Hours: The visitors centre is open everyday, except Sunday, from 8:30 am to 5: 30 pm.

Villa du Conseil Général

The opulent <i>Villa du Conseil Général</i> is one of the principal mansions on Rue de Paris in Saint Denis.

The opulent Villa du Conseil Général is one of the principal mansions on Rue de Paris in Saint Denis.

Continuing further along the street to 18 Rue de Paris, the impressive, lavender-coloured, Villa du Conseil Général, was built in the early 1790’s by Jean-Baptiste de Lestrac, the first mayor of Saint Denis.

The Heritage Museum at the Villa du Conseil Général exhibits artwork from local artists.

The Heritage Museum at the Villa du Conseil Général exhibits artwork from local artists.

Today, the villa is the property of the Conseil Général (General Council) who use it to house a Heritage museum which features exhibitions by local artists.

Opening Hours: The museum is open everyday, except Saturday and Sunday, from 8:00 am to 4:00 pm.

L’Arthotèque

Housed in a former mansion, <i>L'Artothèque</i> displays local contemporary art.

Housed in a former mansion, L’Artothèque displays local contemporary art.

Further along the street, at 26 Rue de Paris, L’Arthotèque is a museum dedicated to local contemporary art. Housed in a fine mid-19th-century wooden Creole villa, this small museum boasts more than 1500 pieces of contemporary art in its collection.

Musée Léon Dierx

The impressive <i>Musée Léon Dierx</i> houses an exceptional collection of modern and contemporary art.

The impressive Musée Léon Dierx houses an exceptional collection of modern and contemporary art.

If you visit just one museum in St. Denis, it should be the Musée Léon Dierx which is located at 28 Rue de Paris. Home to an impressive and eclectic collection of art, the museum is strong on local content and features stunning old-world paintings which depict the magnificent landscapes of Reunion.

The beautiful galleries of the Musée Léon Dierx are lined with old-world paintings depicting the amazing landscapes of Reunion.

The beautiful galleries of the Musée Léon Dierx are lined with old-world paintings depicting the amazing landscapes of Reunion.

The museum, which is housed in the neoclassical style, Villa Manès, was opened in 1912 by the Reunion General Council. Its small collection of works are housed in beautifully arranged galleries and include works by Picasso, Gauguin and Cézanne.

Artwork at the Musée Léon Dierx pays homage to the great masters.

Artwork at the Musée Léon Dierx pays homage to the great masters.

Opening Hours: The museum is open everyday, except Monday, from 9:30 am to 5:30 pm.

Villa de la Région

The <i>Villa de la Région</i> houses a museum dedicated to the Decorative arts.

The Villa de la Région houses a museum dedicated to the Decorative arts.

Continuing inland, and located at 49 Rue de Paris, the Villa de la Région houses a small museum dedicated to decorative arts. Housed in a Creole mansion, which dates from the 1840’s, the museum is owned by the Reunion Regional council and features exhibits on creole culture and decorative arts.

Opening Hours: The museum is open everyday, except Monday, from 10:00 am to 5:00 pm.

Jardin de l’Etat

A view of the Jardin de l'Etat from the <i>Muséum d'Histoire Naturelle.</i>

A view of the Jardin de l’Etat from the Muséum d’Histoire Naturelle.

Rue de Paris terminates at the Jardin de l’Etat (State Garden), which provides a small green lung in the heart of the capital. The garden is dominated by the grand edifice of the Muséum d’Histoire Naturelle (Natural History Museum).

Muséum d’Histoire Naturelle

The <i>Muséum d'Histoire Naturelle</i> is the centrepiece of the <i>Jardin de l'Etat</i> in Saint Denis.

The Muséum d’Histoire Naturelle is the centrepiece of the Jardin de l’Etat in Saint Denis.

With old and faded display’s, the Muséum d’Histoire Naturelle is housed in a former colonial palace inside the Jardin de l’État. The museum features displays of the fauna and flora of the island and is a good place to gain an understanding of the natural history of Reunion.

Opening Hours: The museum is open everyday, except Sunday and Monday, from 09:30 am to 5:30 pm.

Grand Marché

Colourful, handwoven baskets are just some of the items to be found at the <i>Grand Marché</i> in Saint Denis.

Colourful, handwoven baskets are just some of the items to be found at the Grand Marché in Saint Denis.

One sight worth visiting, which is not to be found on Rue de Paris, is the colourful and bustling, Grand Marché (Grand market).

Located on Rue du Maréchal-Leclerc, behind the Tourist Information office, the market is a great place to buy local, handmade souvenirs and to taste local ‘carri‘ from the numerous market restaurants.

Coffee and chocolates, made from locally grown cacao, served at a cafe in Saint Denis.

Coffee and chocolates, made from locally grown cacao, served at a cafe in Saint Denis.

Around the Island – West Coast

Attractions are listed in a counter-clockwise direction from St. Denis. As you travel around the island, attractions are clearly signposted with brown signs.

La Montagne

A panoramic view of St. Denis on the road to <i>La Montagne</i>.

A panoramic view of St. Denis on the road to La Montagne.

Travelling from St. Denis to the west coast, you have the choice of taking the faster, coastal highway (RN1), via the Route du Littoral, or the slower, much more scenic, high road (D41) over the mountain via the town of La Montagne.

Leaving St. Denis, D41 climbs suddenly through a series of tight hair-pin turns, which offer sweeping views of the capital and the Indian ocean. The road continues along the top of the mountain, before descending, eventually re-joining the highway on the coast at La Possession.

Le Maïdo

A view of <i>Le Maïdo</i>, and the sheer drop into the <i>Cirque de Mafate</i>, from my Corail helicopter flight.

A view of Le Maïdo, and the sheer drop into the Cirque de Mafate, from my Corail helicopter flight.

From the town of St. Paul, a brown sign on the highway indicates the turn for Le Maïdo, a spectacular lookout point situated at an elevation of 2,200 m (7,200 ft), which is easily accessible by car.

Located at the top of a sheer cliff, Maïdo could best be described as a balcony which provides unparalleled views over the Cirque de Mafate and the west coast of Reunion island. Various hiking trails allow access to points along the ridge, over which there is a sheer drop to the bottom of the Cirque de Mafate.

My helicopter flight provided a view of the incredibly deep walls which line <i>Cirque de Mafate</i>.

My helicopter flight provided a view of the incredibly deep walls which line Cirque de Mafate.

The windy road which climbs from Saint Paul to the summit passes through a forest of highland Tamarin which is a popular area for family picnics. On most days, inclement weather closes in around 11 am, shrouding the entire cirque and volcanic slope in a thick fog, which delivers lots of rain showers.

If you wish to see anything, you need to be on the summit early in the morning.

If you’re driving up from the sweltering hot coast, it will seem ridiculous to be carrying a sweater, but you might just need it at Maïdo where maximum daytime temperatures reach about 15 degrees (c). Once the fog and rain set in, the temperature plummets.

St. Gilles

The sunsets over the beach at <i>St. Gilles</i> are spectacular.

The sunsets over the beach at St. Gilles are spectacular.

With its white-sand beaches and its protected position inside the lagoon, St. Gilles is the main beach resort area on Reunion and is all about fun in the sun.

Home to scores of accommodation & dining options, the area is the place to be if you wish to partake in aquatic activities such as scuba diving, paragliding, fishing-trips, snorkelling trips etc. There is a tourist office downtown which is manned by friendly and enthusiastic staff.

Musée de Villèle

The beautifully restored, <i>Musée de Villèle</i>, is a former estate home, built by a wealthy sugar baron.

The beautifully restored, Musée de Villèle, is a former estate home, built by a wealthy sugar baron.

Located a short drive up the hill from St. Gilles, in the town of Saint-Gilles-les-Hauts (St. Gilles Heights), the beautifully restored Musée de Villèle, is the former estate home of two illustrious, local sugar-growing clans, the Panon-Desbassyn and Villèle families.

The sumptuous interiors of the <i>Musée de Villèle</i> provide visitors with an insight into Patrician life on Réunion during the colonial era.

The sumptuous interiors of the Musée de Villèle provide visitors with an insight into Patrician life on Réunion during the colonial era.

One hour, compulsorily guided, tours (in French only), of the main house provide visitors with a sense of what life was like on the island in the late 18th and the 19th century. The interior of the main house is filled with period furniture and collections of historical documents and art.

Slave labour was widely used by wealthy landowners on Reunion, so it’s only fitting that an exhibition dealing with this ugly side of Reunion’s past is installed on the 2nd floor of the mansion.

Opening Hours: The museum is open everyday, except Monday, from 09:30 am to 5:30 pm.

Corail Helicopters

Our pilot from Corail helicopters, preparing us for our flight.

Our pilot from Corail helicopters, preparing us for our flight.

Also located above St. Gilles is the helipad for Corail Helicopters, one of several operators on Reunion who offer helicopter flights over the breathtaking volcanic landscapes of the island. A helicopter flight is the best way to get a true perspective of the island, its varied and magnificent  landscape.

A panoramic view of the crater of the very active <i>Piton de la Fournaise</i> volcano, as seen from my Corail helicopter flight.

A panoramic view of the crater of the very active Piton de la Fournaise volcano, as seen from my Corail helicopter flight.

Corail helicopters offer a range of tours with the shortest flight, a 15 minute cruise over Cirque de Mafate, costing €95, while the longest flight, the 55-minute L’excellence will set you back €320.

I flew on the 45 minute Tour de l’Ile (€280) which provides breath-taking views of the three cirques (Cilaos, Mafate and Salazie) plus the Piton de la Fournaise.  

A view of the west coast of Réunion from my Corail helicopter flight.

A view of the west coast of Réunion from my Corail helicopter flight.

Flights only take place in the early morning, before the daily cloud cover shrouds everything of interest. Despite the hefty price tag, flights are popular and advance reservations are essential.

Musée du Sel

While the upper slopes of the volcano receives frequent rainfall, the nearby salt pans, which lie in a rain shadow, remain mostly dry.

While the upper slopes of the volcano receives frequent rainfall, the nearby salt pans, which lie in a rain shadow, remain mostly dry.

If you follow the coastal road south of St. Leu, you’ll eventually reach Pointe au Sel (Salt Point), which is home to several salt pans and the informative Musée du Sel (Museum of Salt).

<i>Rain, rain, stay away</i> - any rainfall over the salt plans would ruin the production process which relies on evaporation.

Rain, rain, stay away – any rainfall over the salt plans would ruin the production process which relies on evaporation.

What’s interesting about the salt pans is that they rely on evaporation in order to separate the salt from the water. If they receive any precipitation, the whole process fails. On the day I visited, rain could clearly be seen, falling on the upper slopes of the volcano, however this rainfall never reaches the arid coastal plain.

Opening Hours: The museum is open everyday, except Saturday, from 09:00 am to 5:00 pm.

Stella Matutina Museum

Displays at the Stella Matutina Museum are laid-out over 5 floors inside the old sugar factory.

Displays at the Stella Matutina Museum are laid-out over 5 floors inside the old sugar factory.

Located a short drive up the slopes of the volcano from the Salt museum, the impressive, Stella Matutina Museum, is housed inside an old sugar factory and tells the story of the sugar industry on Reunion.


Did you know? Reunion has the distinction of being the largest producer of sugar in the European Union.


Opening Hours: The museum is open everyday from 09:30 am to 5:30 pm, except Monday when its open from 1 pm – 5:30 pm. Tickets cost €9.

Saint-Louis

An exterior view of the <i>Eglise de St Louis</i> which dominates the main square of the town of St. Louis.

An exterior view of the Eglise de St Louis which dominates the main square of the town of St. Louis.

Further south, the unremarkable town of St. Louis offers limited attractions, but does have an interesting church at its heart.

Strangely relaxing, the interior of the <i>Eglise de St Louis</i> is bathed in a soft, blue light.

Strangely relaxing, the interior of the Eglise de St Louis is bathed in a soft, blue light.

The interior of the Eglise de St Louis is always bathed in a beautifully relaxing, almost eerie, blue light thanks to blue plastic panels placed over its windows.

Saint-Pierre

The flag of the <i>Terres Australes et Antarctiques Françaises (TAAF)</i> at the TAAF Information centre in St. Pierre.

The flag of the Terres Australes et Antarctiques Françaises (TAAF) at the TAAF Information centre in St. Pierre.

St. Pierre is the second city of Reunion but, more importantly for geography buffs and competitive travellers, it is the de-facto capital for the French Southern and Antarctic Lands, known in French as the Terres Australes et Antarctiques Françaises (TAAF).

St. Pierre is home to the TAAF information centre which includes displays on these remote territories.

A monument at the TAAF information centre in St. Pierre shows the location of the Antarctic territories on a globe.

A monument at the TAAF information centre in St. Pierre shows the location of the Antarctic territories on a globe.

The territory includes the sub-Antarctic, Amsterdam Island, Saint-Paul Island, Crozet Islands, and the Kerguelen Islands which are located far from Reunion in the southern Indian Ocean. The territory also includes Adélie Land, the sector of Antarctica claimed by France.

A map at the TAAF Information centre in St. Pierre shows the location of the French Antarctic Territories.

A map at the TAAF Information centre in St. Pierre shows the location of the French Antarctic Territories.

A French supply ship, the Marion Dufresne, sails to the islands from Reunion on a semi-regular basis and can accommodate 14 paying passengers.

A photo of the <i>Marion Dufresne</i> supply ship at the TAAF information centre in St. Pierre.

A photo of the Marion Dufresne supply ship at the TAAF information centre in St. Pierre.

The one-month trip covers a distance of 9,000 km, visits all of the islands and includes sightseeing trips with transfers made by helicopter from the ship. If you are interested in applying, you should make enquiries at the following website.

The TAAF information centre is housed inside an old riverside warehouse in St. Pierre.

The TAAF information centre is housed inside an old riverside warehouse in St. Pierre.

Located at 1 Rue Gabriel Dejean, the TAAF information centre, which is housed inside a former river-front warehouse, includes displays and photographic exhibitions relating to the islands and also sells ‘TAAF’ postage stamps. 

A marker inside the TAAF Information centre indicates distances to the various French Antarctic islands from St. Pierre.

A marker inside the TAAF Information centre indicates distances to the various French Antarctic islands from St. Pierre.

Opening Hours: The TAAF Information Centre is open weekdays from 08:30 am to 12 pm then from 2 pm to 5 pm.

Cascade de Grand Galet

The stunning Cascades de Grand Galet lie a short drive inland from St. Joseph.

The stunning Cascades de Grand Galet lie a short drive inland from St. Joseph.

There are many amazing waterfalls on Reunion, often reached after many hours of hiking. One stunningly beautiful cascade which can be reached by road is the Cascades de Grand Galet.

From the town of St. Joseph, route D33 winds its way inland for 30 minutes, eventually reaching a car park next to the falls.

Around the Island – South Coast

One of many huge lava fields which flow down to the south coast of Reunion from the Piton de la Fournaise, which is shrouded by cloud cover.

One of many huge lava fields which flow down to the south coast of Reunion from the Piton de la Fournaise, which is shrouded by cloud cover.

Beyond the west coast town of St. Philippe, the population thins and things quieten down as the road curves to the left, entering the rugged and desolate south coast. The entire south coast lies in the shadow of the volatile and unpredictable Piton de la Fournaise and is characterised by huge lava fields.

Exploring the south coast lava fields in my rental car.

Exploring the south coast lava fields in my rental car.

Around the Island – East Coast

Piton Sainte-Rose

After passing through the sparsely populated south coast, the town of Piton Sainte-Rose marks the start of the East coast.

Église Notre Dame des Laves

The miraculous <i>Église Notre Dame des Laves</i> in Piton Sainte-Rose.

The miraculous Église Notre Dame des Laves in Piton Sainte-Rose.

A church in a lava field?

Welcome to the truly miraculous Église Notre Dame des Laves (Our Lady of the Lava church). On an island which never fails to surprise, this is one truly surprising attraction – something totally unexpected and almost unbelievable.

In 1977, an eruption from the nearby, and very restless volcano, Piton del la Fournaise, sent an estimated 100 million cubic metres of molten hot (5,000 degrees Celsius) lava gushing towards the sea at speeds of 80 km/h over a period of several days.

In the path of this tremendous onslaught stood the small east coast village of Piton Sainte-Rose. The lava flow made a direct hit on the village, destroying everything in its path except the local police station (now a museum dedicated to telling the story of the eruption) and the church.

A side view of the <i>Église Notre Dame des Laves</i> better illustrates its position in the lava field.

A side view of the Église Notre Dame des Laves better illustrates its position in the lava field.

The flow, apparently, split when it came to the church and re-formed again on the other side. Many people see the church’s escape as a miracle of divine intervention. Some lava did enter the church and anything flammable was incinerated.

After the eruption, locals returned to rebuild their village and the church. The lava flow had increased the ground level around the church so today new steps allow churchgoers to cross the lava to and from the church.

La Coulée Volcanique de 1977

<i>La Coulée Volcanique de 1977</i> is a permanent exhibition which shows dramatic footage from the eruption which destroyed Piton Saint-Rose.

La Coulée Volcanique de 1977 is a permanent exhibition which shows dramatic footage from the eruption which destroyed Piton Saint-Rose.

Directly opposite the  church the former police station, which was the only other building to survive the eruption, is today home to an exhibition, La Coulée Volcanique de 1977. 

This permanent exhibition, which can be visited in 20 minutes, offers explanations of the historic volcanic flow of 1977. Dramatic video footage, photos and newspaper articles from the time, describe the events of the eruption in vivid detail.

Rivière de l’Est Suspension Bridge

The incredible <i>Rivière de l'Est</i> suspension bridge is now permanently closed to pedestrian traffic.

The incredible Rivière de l’Est suspension bridge is now permanently closed to pedestrian traffic.

As you exit the town of Sainte-Rose, heading north, you’ll pass the magnificent and impressive suspension bridge which spans the Rivière de l’Est river. Built at the end of the 19th century, and no longer in use or accessible, the 152 metre-long bridge was once a key part of the island’s infrastructure.

Sainte-Anne

The ornate <i>Église Sainte Anne</i> dominates the town of St. Anne, and is a popular wedding venue.

The ornate Église Sainte Anne dominates the town of St. Anne, and is a popular wedding venue.

Located in the town of St. Anne, the wonderfully ornate, Église Sainte Anne (Church of St. Anne), is adorned with countless floral patterns, gargoyles and cherubs which has ensured its place on the register of Historic Monuments.

My visit coincided with a wedding, in which the groom’s party arrived in two, large, semi-trailer trucks with their very loud air-horns blasting away. A whole lot of fun!

Bras Panon

A worker at the <i>Coopérative Pro Vanille</i>, in Bras Panon, sorting vanilla pods into different lengths.

A worker at the Coopérative Pro Vanille, in Bras Panon, sorting vanilla pods into different lengths.

Heading further north from St. Anne, the town of Bras Panon is home to the Coopérative Pro Vanille. The co-op includes 120 Vanilla producers from the east coast of Reunion with processing, sorting, packaging and shipment of the pods handled at the headquarters in Bras Panon.

Vanilla pods from the <i>Coopérative Pro Vanille</i> are sold according to length.

Vanilla pods from the Coopérative Pro Vanille are sold according to length.

Hourly tours (only in French) are conducted throughout the day, allowing visitors to gain an understanding of the various stages of vanilla production. For more on this important export item, please refer to the Fauna and Flora section.

Around the Island – Piton de la Fournaise

La Plaine des Cafres

The only sight in the small town of La Plaine des Cafres, <i>Cité du Volcan</i> includes displays and information on the nearby Piton de la Fournaise.

The only sight in the small town of La Plaine des Cafres, Cité du Volcan includes displays and information on the nearby Piton de la Fournaise.

While its tempting to race up the hill to visit the spectacular, #1 attraction on Reunion – the Piton de la Fournaise, it’s worth pausing first to view the displays at the Cité du Volcan (Volcano House museum) in La Plaine des Cafres.

The museum provides a wealth of detail on the volcano, giving visitors an important insight into this amazing wonder of nature and one of the world’s most active volcanoes.

Opening Hours: The museum is open everyday from 09:00 am to 5 pm, except Monday when it’s open from 1 pm to 5 pm.

Piton de la Fournaise

A hiking trail along the edge of the giant <i>enclosure</i> provides stunning views of different volcanic features, such as the <i>Formica Leo</i> crater.

A hiking trail along the edge of the giant enclosure provides stunning views of different volcanic features, such as the Formica Leo crater.

As mentioned – this is the #1 attraction on the island and worth a full day of anyone’s time!

Lava flows on the slopes of the Piton de la Fournaise.

Lava flows on the slopes of the Piton de la Fournaise.

The Piton de la Fournaise (English: Peak of the Furnace) is a shield volcano, which is similar in structure to those found on Hawaii. The volcano is easily accessible along road RF5 which runs from the Cité du Volcan (Volcano House) museum to the edge of the crater, a journey of about an hour.

A beautiful view to the summit of the Piton de la Fournaise from the hiking trail.

A beautiful view to the summit of the Piton de la Fournaise from the hiking trail.

Located at 2,632 metres, it’s estimated that the volcano is around 500,000 years old and is currently one of the most active volcanoes in the world. Prior to my visit, an eruption had resulted in all hiking trails inside the giant enclosure being closed.

The giant <i>enclosure</i> of Piton de la Fournaise provides hours of hiking possibilities with stunning views in all directions.

The giant enclosure of Piton de la Fournaise provides hours of hiking possibilities with stunning views in all directions.

The journey to the volcano takes in many spectacular sights, making the trip a full day out. Ever wondered what it must be like to walk on the moon, or Mars? The lunar landscape on the Plaine des Sables (Plain of Sands) should allow you to satisfy your curiosity.

Looking more like Mars than Earth, the breath-taking <i>Plaine de Sables</i> is just one part of the huge volcanic complex that is the Piton de la Fournaise.

Looking more like Mars than Earth, the breath-taking Plaine de Sables is just one part of the huge volcanic complex that is the Piton de la Fournaise.

This giant plain of bronze and reddish-brown volcanic soil is lined on both sides by the vertical walls of an ancient river. A truly impressive sight! Hiking trails follow the top of the ridge, providing incredible views at every turn.

The road to the Piton de la Fournaise descends onto the <i>Plaine de Sables</i>.

The road to the Piton de la Fournaise descends onto the Plaine de Sables.

Before the road descends onto the plain, a viewpoint at Le Pas des Sables offers the most impressive panoramic views of the plain.

A full day exploring the magnificent sights of the Piton de la Fournaise is a must while visiting Reunion!

Another jaw-dropping view on the way to the Piton de la Fournaise is offered at <i>Point de Vue Après Nez de Boeuf</i>.

Another jaw-dropping view on the way to the Piton de la Fournaise is offered at Point de Vue Après Nez de Boeuf.

The Three Cirques

As seen from my helicopter flight, one of the three volcanic Cirques which form the interior of Réunion.

As seen from my helicopter flight, one of the three volcanic Cirques which form the interior of Réunion.

Finally – the Cirques! Do you see just how much there is to do on this one volcanic rock? This report is way too long and I need to stop writing, so I will keep this section brief.

I could easily return to Reunion to spend two weeks exploring the three Cirques and I’m sure many visitors to the island, those who love hiking at least, never make it down to the coast.

The Cirques are sights within their own right and could easily justify their own report!

Cilaos, Salazie and Mafate, the three cirques, are home to inhabited villages in the centre of the island. Large holes in the ground, they were formed long ago when the now dormant volcano, Piton des Neiges, exploded.

The first two, Cilaos in the Southwest and Salazie in the east are accessible by car through very windy roads (the road to Cilaos contains 400 bends), while Mafate is only accessible by foot. A road could be built to provide access –  but – Mafate is governed by strict rules, one of which is that a road can never be built inside the cirque.

The cirques are full of hiking trails with lots of accommodation options and restaurants in the two main centres of Cilaos (for Cirque de Cilaos) and Hell-bourg (for Cirque de Salazie).

Cirque de Cilaos

Dramatic landscapes in the Cirque de Cilaos. Do you see the people canyoning?

Dramatic landscapes in the Cirque de Cilaos. Do you see the people canyoning?

 

Now do you see them? If you are looking for adrenaline activities, Cilaos is the place for you.

Now do you see them? If you are looking for adrenaline activities, Cilaos is the place for you.

The main centre in the Cirque de Cilaos is – Cilaos. The town is famous for its spa, which is now old and dated but worth a visit for an hour (strictly timed!) of wellness.

Street art in the town of Cilaos.

Street art in the town of Cilaos.

The town sits on a ridge in the middle of the Cirque de Cilaos, a dramatic, forested, rugged caldera which you could easily spend a week exploring. Steep hiking trails from Cilaos lead to neighbouring Salazie and Mafate.

The town of Cilaos is dominated by its church, the <i>Eglise de Cilaos</i>.

The town of Cilaos is dominated by its church, the Eglise de Cilaos.

Dominated by its church, Cilaos is full of shops, restaurants and accommodation, making it a popular place for visitors. Buses offer connections to hiking trail heads, making it an ideal base for ramblers.

The interior of the Eglise de Cilaos.

The interior of the Eglise de Cilaos.

Embroidery Museum

You have to admire a town which takes its embroidery seriously.

You have to admire a town which takes its embroidery seriously.

OK! Not something I would normally cover but – Cilaos is known for its unique style of embroidery. You can gain an understanding of this time-honoured craft at the Maison de la Broderie (Embroidery museum) where different ladies demonstrate their skills. I still couldn’t figure out how they did it!

Opening Hours: Located in the heart of Cilaos, the museum is open everyday from 09:30 am to 12 pm, then 2 pm to 5 pm, except Sunday when it closes in the afternoon.

An example of Cilaos embroidery, on display at the <i>Maison de la Broderie.</i>

An example of Cilaos embroidery, on display at the Maison de la Broderie.

Cirque de Salazie

One of the many spectacular views of the <i>Cirque de Salazie</i> from my flight with Corail helicopters.

One of the many spectacular views of the Cirque de Salazie from my flight with Corail helicopters.

Of all the cirques, Salazie is the easiest to access, via a wide, fast, well-maintained road from the east coast town of Saint-André.

Hiking in the stunningly beautiful <i>Cirque de Salazie</i>.

Hiking in the stunningly beautiful Cirque de Salazie.

Hell-Bourg

The main street of <i>Hell-bourg</i> is lined with traditional Creole houses.

The main street of Hell-bourg is lined with traditional Creole houses.

The main centre in Salazie for accommodation and dining options is the town of Hell-bourg, a picturesque village which features many fine examples of creole timber houses.

Just some of the 1,500 instruments to be found at the <i>Maison Morange</i> in Hell-bourg.

Just some of the 1,500 instruments to be found at the Maison Morange in Hell-bourg.

One of the highlights of Hell-bourg is the excellent museum of musical instruments which is housed in the Maison Morange. Inaugurated in 2015, the museum focuses on instruments from India, Africa and the wider Indian Ocean region.

Just one of the many displays of musical instruments at the Maison Morange in Hell-bourg.

Just one of the many displays of musical instruments at the Maison Morange in Hell-bourg.

Housed in a traditional Creole house which was built by the former mayor of Bras Panon, Henri Morange, the museum features more than 1,500 instruments. A truly surprising find in this little hilltop town.

Opening Hours: The museum is open everyday from 10:00 am to 6 pm, except Monday.

There are many more Nephila spiders in Hell-bourg than people. I kid you not!

There are many more Nephila spiders in Hell-bourg than people. I kid you not!

For those who suffer from arachnophobia, you will be pleased to know that Hell-bourg is full of incredibly large Nephila spiders who have strung their webs up everywhere and seem to outnumber the human population exponentially.

See! They are everywhere.

See! They are everywhere.

Cirque de Mafate

While there are no roads inside the <i>Cirque de Mafate</i>, a back road from the Cirque de Salazie does allow partial entry by car.

While there are no roads inside the Cirque de Mafate, a back road from the Cirque de Salazie does allow partial entry by car.

Cirque de Mafate is unique – a Utopian dream for many, a land of no roads and very limited connections to the outside world.

There is no main electrical supply so inhabitants must produce their own electricity using solar panels, and occasionally diesel generators. However, fuel for the generators must be brought by helicopter at high cost. All other heavy materials must also be air-lifted in by helicopter.

A view of the settlement of <i>La Nouvelle</i>, the largest in the Cirque de Mafate, as seen from the <i>Col des Bœufs</i> pass.

A view of the settlement of La Nouvelle, the largest in the Cirque de Mafate, as seen from the Col des Bœufs pass.

The cirque has one small settlement, La Nouvelle, which offers limited accommodation to overnight hikers. A primary school caters for just 6 pupils. There are no secondary schools.

A local supermarket provides grocery delivery for the residents of La Nouvelle with perishable items being stored in refrigerated containers until they are collected.

A local supermarket provides grocery delivery for the residents of La Nouvelle with perishable items being stored in refrigerated containers until they are collected.

The Cirque is entirely public property, managed by the Forestry service from which the inhabitants rent inexpensive concessions. Everything, including groceries from the local supermarket, must be walked into the cirque, while heavier construction items are helicoptered in.

The end of the road to Cirque de Mafate, the car park at the Col des Bœufs pass.

The end of the road to Cirque de Mafate, the car park at the Col des Bœufs pass.

Easy access to Cirque de Mafate is available from the car park at the Col des Bœufs (Pass of the Oxen), which can be reached by car from Cirque de Salazie.

All construction materials destined for Cirque de Mafate must be air-lifted by helicopter.

All construction materials destined for Cirque de Mafate must be air-lifted by helicopter.

Accommodation

When it comes to accommodation options on Reunion, visitors are spoilt for choice with Booking.com listing over 1,100 properties! From 5-star beach resorts, guest houses, B&B’s, mountain lodges, city apartments and more, excellent options are available island-wide.

If you’re on the island for a few days, it makes sense to base yourself in one place and explore from there. If you wish to soak up the ambience of the capital, St. Denis offers a few options.

If you’re more focused on the beach, the area around St. Gilles offers many accommodation, restaurants, bars, cafe, Scuba diving and fishing options.

If hiking is your thing, Cilaos or Hell-bourg offer accommodation options which place you close to hiking trail heads.

If you have the luxury of time, as I did, you can move more slowly, spending time in all of these accommodation centres which will allow you to fully explore this fascinating island.

St. Gilles

The comfortable and homely <i>Hôtel Le Kervéguen</i> in St. Gilles.

The comfortable and homely Hôtel Le Kervéguen in St. Gilles.

My first base on Reunion was the main tourist town of St. Gilles, which is located on the west coast and is the epi-centre for the island’s beach scene.

While in St. Gilles, I stayed at the comfortable Hôtel Le Kervéguen, which is located on a hill overlooking town. With room rates starting at US$84 per night, the hotel features dated, but clean and comfortable accommodation, a tight car park (they’re all very tight on Reunion) and a small swimming pool, next to which a buffet breakfast is served each morning for an additional €10. If staying here, you’ll need a car!

Cirque de Cilaos

My stylish room at the very contemporary <i>La Villa Kazuera</i> in Cilaos.

My stylish room at the very contemporary La Villa Kazuera in Cilaos.

The road in and out of the Cirque de Cilaos is narrow, windy, very steep and full of hair pin turns. Driving time from St. Louis to Cilaos is at least one hour and, rather than rush in and out on a day trip, it’s best to stay for a couple of days, allowing time to relax and appreciate this special environment.

The Cirque has its own micro-climate with torrential downpours occurring like clockwork most afternoons, which only allows the morning for hiking and other activities.

The main town of Cilaos features lots of accommodation options, including the very new La Villa Kazuera. Located on a quiet lane-way, close to the centre of town, the villa offers beautifully styled rooms (from US$62), a communal kitchen, a relaxed garden space, a Jacuzzi (which is a great way to relax during the afternoon downpour) and ample parking.

Cirque de Salazie

Grand Ilet

My room at the newly built <i>Ô Cœur de l’île</i> guest house in the quiet village of Grand Ilet in the Cirque de Salazie.

My room at the newly built Ô Cœur de l’île guest house in the quiet village of Grand Ilet in the Cirque de Salazie.

In the Cirque de Salazie, I spent my first night in the very remote hamlet of Grand Ilet at the brand new and very stylish Ô cœur de l’île, a guest house located on a hill overlooking town.

Owned by a French couple (who speak no English), every space in the guest house has been thoughtfully created and is finished to a high specification. A very nice place to spend a night.

Located at 1,100 m, Grand Ilet is a tiny and remote mountaintop village which sits at the base of the ridge separating the Cirque de Salazie and the Cirque de Mafate.

On the night I stayed in town, the whole place was in darkness, and shrouded in fog, with nowhere open to get dinner. Luckily I had a packet of chips in the car which served as my sustenance. The following morning a continental breakfast was served for which there was an additional charge, which I happily paid.

The guest house is a short drive from the stunning Col des Bœufs, which provides sweeping views of the Cirque de Salazie and easy access to the Cirque de Mafate.

Tip: If you do stay here, the address provided by the property should not be entered into Google Maps, unless you wish to tour all the minor back-roads of the Cirque. Instead, you should simply enter ‘Grand Ilet‘ into Google Maps and let Google direct you to the village. Once there, ask a local for the guest house (it’s located on the hill directly above the village). Feedback from other guests on booking.com suggest this is a reoccurring issue.

Hell-bourg

My room at <i>Le Relais Des Gouverneurs</i> in Hell-Bourg, the main centre in the Cirque de Salazie.

My room at Le Relais Des Gouverneurs in Hell-Bourg, the main centre in the Cirque de Salazie.

The main accommodation centre in the Cirque de Salazie is Hell-bourg, where I stayed in Le Relais Des Gouverneurs which is located downtown. While the room was comfortable this was not my favourite place to stay!

The guest house is owned by a family who operate it on a schedule which suits them and not their guests. Breakfast finishes at 8:30 am, reception closes soon after and only reopens in the afternoon – all of which, according to the son and manager, is designed to create minimal disruption and inconvenience to the family.

If I ever return to Hell-bourg, I would stay at the much more agreeable, Le Relais des Cimes, where the staff are welcoming, reception is always open, service is wonderful and the restaurant is one of the best in town.

Saint Denis

During a return trip to Reunion from Mayotte, I had two days to soak up the ambience of the capital, St. Denis. Strangely, accommodation options in the capital are limited, with most hotels on the island lining the beaches on the west coast.

Eating Out

Being a French territory, you can be sure of one thing on Reunion – cuisine is taken very seriously!

There’s no shortage of fine restaurants, with amazing dining options available in even the smallest of towns. This is thanks, in no small part, to the army of French ex-pats who, having been trained in the finest culinary schools in France, have relocated to the island to enjoy life in the tropical sun. These ex-pats have opened the most delectable PâtisseriesBoulangeries, Cafés, Bistros and Restaurants.

The traditional cuisine of Reunion is ‘carri‘ (yes – that’s ‘curry’ in Creole!), a truly local dish with ingredients simmered to perfection using Indian spices and local ingredients. If you like curry, you’ll love carri!

Restaurants

Le D.C.P.

The Tuna steaks served at <i>Le D.C.P. (Le Dispositifs de Concentration de Poisson)</i> in St. Giles are heavenly.

The Tuna steaks served at Le D.C.P. (Le Dispositifs de Concentration de Poisson) in St. Giles are heavenly.

Of the many amazing restaurants on the island, one of my favourite places to sample local seafood is Le D.C.P. , which of course is an acronym for – Le Dispositifs de Concentration de Poisson. The restaurant is located in a quiet side-street in downtown St. Gilles, which is the only quiet aspect of this popular establishment.

The restaurant is voted on TripAdvisor as #1 of 109 restaurants in St. Gilles and it’s easy to understand why. Every evening, this busy establishment is under the command of its wonderfully unpretentious, friendly and enthusiastic patron, J-C (aka Fisher Man), who ensures the meals keep coming and the guests are happy.

It’s all about the fish at Le D.C.P. and more than once I returned to enjoy their amazing rare-cooked, teriyaki-flavoured, sesame-encrusted, tuna steak, which is served with a side of your choice. I still dream of that meal!

One evening I dined alongside a table of local fisherman who supply the restaurant with its daily catch. It was good to see that they too were enjoying the fruits of their labour. Everything at Le D.C.P. is spot on – a faultless production!

L’Atelier des Saveurs

Occupying a prime position on the main street of Cilaos, the stylish L’Atelier des Saveurs provided me with one of my most memorable meals on Reunion.

This fine dining establishment is owned and operated by a very talented local couple, Gregory (the Chef) and Pauline (Sommerlier/ Server) who met each other while working in Perth, Australia.

The restaurant is voted on TripAdvisor as #1 of 22 in Cilaos and after dining here, I can attest that its prime position is wholly justified. The couple speak English and are very passionate about their food and wines, all of which are divine and sublime! As for any lingering Australian influences – while I was dining, Angus and Julia Stone were playing softly on the music system. Nice!

Dessert

<i>Café gourmand</i>, a selection of desserts, is a popular dessert choice on Réunion.

Café gourmand, a selection of desserts, is a popular dessert choice on Réunion.

After a meal, the French love nothing more than finishing with something a little sweet. A popular item, which can be found on many restaurant menus, is Café gourmand which is essentially a sampling plate consisting of an espresso and a selection of miniature desserts (also known as petits fours). This is ideal for those who cannot decide what to order or who wish to try a little of everything!

Cafés

Coffee Shop de Bourbon

The <i>Coffee Shop de Bourbon</i> is the only place on Reunion serving real Barista-made coffee.

The Coffee Shop de Bourbon is the only place on Reunion serving real Barista-made coffee.

Coffee is available everywhere on Reunion, but the island doesn’t have a real cafe culture. Instead, most places prepare espresso coffee using pods. Many cafes do not stock milk so often, a black coffee is all that’s available.

There is one place which stands out as a beacon of hope for those in need of a serious caffeine fix – Coffee Shop de Bourbon in downtown St. Denis. You will not find a single pod here, only qualified Barista’s who understand the different between a flat white, café latte, cappuccino etc.

The owner of the <i>Coffee Shop de Bourbon</i>, Charles Petit, was inspired by the cafe culture of Australia.

The owner of the Coffee Shop de Bourbon, Charles Petit, was inspired by the cafe culture of Australia.

Like the owners of L’Atelier des Saveurs, the enthusiastic owner of Coffee Shop de Bourbon, Charles Petit, spent many years living and working in Perth, Australia. While in Perth, Charles was inspired by the Australian café culture (we are fanatical about our cafés!) and, upon returning to his native Reunion, realised the island desperately needed something similar. Today, Coffee Shop de Bourbon is the only proper café on the island.

The Coffee Shop de Bourbon has just celebrated its 3rd birthday and Charles is not sitting still. He’s currently busy setting up a larger café on the waterfront in St. Denis and has plans to export his locally grown and roasted coffee beans. Apart from excellent coffee, the café menu is loaded with lots of tasty options from fresh salads, quiches, sandwiches and more.

La Case à Pains

A freshly made raspberry <i>mille-feuille</i> with an espresso macchiato at <i>La Case à Pains</i> in St. André. <i>Parfait!</i>

A freshly made raspberry mille-feuille with an espresso macchiato at La Case à Pains in St. André. Parfait!

There are many fine boulangeries on Reunion and I tried my best to sample them all! One, which is a standout, is the magnificent La Case à Pains (House of Breads) which offers not just amazing bread but the most divine pastries.

With two branches located on either side of the island (St. Gilles on the west coast and St. André on the east coast), you are never far from a heavenly mille-feuille, Pain au chocolat or many other sublime calorie bombs.

Café De La Gare

The former railway station in Saint-Pierre has been converted into the pleasant <i>Café De La Gare</i>, however the (pod) coffee is passable!

The former railway station in Saint-Pierre has been converted into the pleasant Café De La Gare, however the (pod) coffee is passable!

The second city of Reunion, Saint-Pierre, offers surprisingly few cafe options, however the former railway station, which is located on the waterfront, has been converted into a pleasant cafe – the Café De La Gare. The pod coffee is passable but the food much more appealing.

Bars

An advertisement for the popular Dodo beer.

An advertisement for the popular Dodo beer.

A French territory with ample sugar cane! That could only mean one thing – lots of local rum, which you can find in all bars and supermarkets and is inexpensive. One of the most popular local brands is Rivière du Mât whose distillery is located on the east coast and is open to visitors.

While the rum is very quaffable, a glass of the popular local beer, which is produced by the Brasseries de Bourbon, is a great way to unwind while watching the sunset from one of the waterfront bars in St. Gilles.

Of the many bars, my preferred watering hole was, La Palmeraie which offers front-row, sunset viewing, seats. Le Palmeraie has the full range of Bourbon beers on tap, including:

  • Bourbon Rousse – an amber/ red ale beer.
  • Bourbon Radler – a lager mixed with lemon juice.
  • Bourbon Blanche – like a Belgium style wheat beer with citrus tones.
  • Bourbon Héritage Blanche – like a Belgium wheat beer.
  • Bourbon ‘Dodo’ – the most popular lager on the island.
Enjoying a glass of the Bourbon Blanche at La Palmeraie in St. Gilles.

Enjoying a glass of the Bourbon Blanche at La Palmeraie in St. Gilles.

The best place for sunset drinks on Réunion is on the waterfront in St. Giles, where several bars lay out their tables directly on the foreshore from where you can watch the sun set into the Indian Ocean.

Visa Requirements

Passport stamp from Réunion.

Passport stamp from Réunion.

Réunion is a French overseas territory, but it is not part of the Schengen Zone and, as such, applies its own visa policy. While French and European passport holders can reside for an unlimited period, many other nationalities can remain for 3 to 6 months.

Getting There

Air

Roland Garros International Airport is the main international gateway to Réunion.

Roland Garros International Airport is the main international gateway to Réunion.

There are two international airports on Reunion:

  1. The main gateway, Roland Garros International Airport (IATA: RUN), is located in the north coast town of Sainte-Marie, 7 km east of Saint-Denis.
  2. The secondary, Pierrefonds Airport (IATA: ZSE), is located 5.5 km northwest of Saint Pierre and offers limited services between Reunion and Mauritius.

Roland Garros Airport

The very dated Roland Garros airport is currently under-going a major renovation which is due to be completed by 2022. Most flights to/ from Reunion connect the territory to Metropolitan France. If you remove the French carriers, who provide a frequent shuttle service to the motherland, from the list of carriers serving Roland Garros airport, you’d be left with just three carriers providing services to a limited selection of destinations:

  • Air Austral – The national carrier flies to a variety of destinations.
  • Air Madagascar – flies to Madagascar only.
  • Air Mauritius – flies to Mauritius only.

Air Austral

Roland Garros serves as the base for the local carrier, Air Austral. If you’re island hopping around the Indian Ocean, Air Austral provide the most comprehensive, inter-island network, connecting Reunion to Mauritius, Seychelles, Mayotte, Madagascar and the Comoros.

While their aircraft are modern and the crews are professional, flights are horrendously expensive (as is to be expected by a carrier operating in a monopoly environment) and not always reliable.

I flew on four flights with the airline, the first of which was cancelled and the second of which was rescheduled – twice! The airline redeemed themselves on the last two flights, which operated normally. If you’re planning an itinerary with Air Austral, it’s best to build in buffer days in case of cancellations or delays.

Scheduled Services

The following airlines provide scheduled services to/ from Roland Garros International Airport:

  • Air Austral – flies to/from Antananarivo, Bangkok–Suvarnabhumi, Chennai, Dzaoudzi, Johannesburg–O. R. Tambo, Mahé, Marseille, Mauritius, Moroni, Nosy Be, Paris–Charles de Gaulle
  • Air France – flies to/from Paris–Orly
  • Air Madagascar – flies to/from Antananarivo, Antsiranana, Guangzhou, Sainte-Marie, Tôlanaro
  • Air Mauritius – flies to/from Mauritius
  • Corsair International – flies to/from Paris–Orly
  • French Bee – flies to/from Paris–Orly
A giant terracotta mural adorns the departure hall at Roland Garros International Airport.

A giant terracotta mural adorns the departure hall at Roland Garros International Airport.

Airport Transport

The ‘T’ line bus provides thirteen round trips daily (from 7:00 am to 7:45 pm), connecting the airport with St Denis, a journey of 15 mins which costs €4.

Taxis between Roland Garros International Airport and Saint-Denis cost around €25 during the day and €30 at night. Drivers charge additional fees for luggage and, generally, I would recommend avoid using taxis while on Reunion (refer to the ‘Getting Around‘ section for more nightmare taxi stories).

Pierrefonds Airport

Pierrefonds Airport offers limited services between Reunion and Mauritius.

The following airlines provide scheduled services to/ from Pierrefonds Airport

Sea

Saint Denis 97400, Réunion

Forty-three cruise ships call at Réunion each year from October to April. Ships dock at the main port – Le Port – which is located on the northwest coast of the island, 21 km’s west of St. Denis.

To check the current schedule, click here.

Getting Around

Road

The RN1 passes over the spectacular <i>Route des Tamarins</i> bridge on the west coast of Reunion.

The RN1 passes over the spectacular Route des Tamarins bridge on the west coast of Reunion.

I was pleasantly surprised by the high standard of infrastructure on Reunion. The French government have spared no expense on building impressive highways, cycle-ways, footpaths, bridges, ports and much more. The most impressive project of all is currently under construction (see the following section).

With its deep ravines, the terrain of the island presents engineers with many challenges. The French are champion bridge builders and have created some impressive bridges and viaducts to keep the island moving.

A fast, multi-lane, motorway (indicated in blue) almost circumnavigates the island, providing quick travel times to most places.

A fast, multi-lane, motorway (indicated in blue) almost circumnavigates the island, providing quick travel times to most places.

From the inland town of Le Tampon, the multi-lane, RN3 descends rapidly down the steep, volcanic slope to the coastal city of St. Pierre, where it becomes the RN1, travelling north, along the west coast, to the capital, Saint Denis.

From Saint Denis, the RN2 whisks you along the east coast as far south as Saint-Benoît. Beware the speed cameras – they really do work!

The only part of the island that’s not covered by the fast motorway is the rugged interior ‘cirques’ and the sparsely populated south coast, which lies in the shadow of the (active) Piton de la Fournaise volcano and is prone to inundation by lava flows whenever an eruption occurs.

As seen from a helicopter, the narrow, windy road (bottom left corner) which passes beneath the vertical walls of the Cirque de Cilaos, providing access to the tiny hamlet of <i>Îlet à Cordes</i>.

As seen from a helicopter, the narrow, windy road (bottom left corner) which passes beneath the vertical walls of the Cirque de Cilaos, providing access to the tiny hamlet of Îlet à Cordes.

Away from the motorway, most roads are in excellent condition, although in the impossibly steep cirques, they can be narrow, windy and at times scary!

A one-lane tunnel on the (two-way) road to Cilaos.

A one-lane tunnel on the (two-way) road to Cilaos.

Nouvelle Route du Littoral

An artist impression of the Nouvelle Route du Littoral.

An artist impression of the Nouvelle Route du Littoral.
Source: www.bouygues-construction.com

One of the largest and most impressive engineering projects currently underway anywhere in the world must be the Nouvelle Route du Littoral, which is France’s longest offshore viaduct and, at a cost of €1.7 billion, the most expensive road project/ km ever funded by France.

The existing ‘Route du Littoral’ is located at the bottom of steep volcanic cliffs, making it prone to rock-slides, which has resulted in fatalities in the past. Once completed in 2020, the new Route du Littoral will keep travellers well out of harm’s way.

One of the most complex aspects of the work is the construction of a 5.4 km viaduct which rises out from the Indian Ocean on columns. This is being built so that it will be able to withstand 144 km/h hurricane winds as well as waves of up to 10 m in height.

Public Buses

The national bus company, <i>Car Jaune</i>, provides access to all parts of the island.

The national bus company, Car Jaune, provides access to all parts of the island.

Various bus companies on Reunion provide modern, clean, public buses, with national services being offered by the state-owned operator, Car Jaune.

Other regional companies include:

  • Citalis – covering the northeast coast from Saint-Denis to Sainte-Marie and Sainte-Suzanne.
  • Karouest – covering the west coast from La Possession south to Saint-Leu.
  • Alterneo – covering the southwest coast, including Saint-Pierre, Saint-Louis, Cilaos and Etang-Salé.
  • Cirest – covering the east coast, including Saint-André, Salazie, Sainte-Rose and Bras-Panon.
  • Carsud – covering the southwest coast around Saint-Philippe, Saint-Joseph and Le Tampon.

All the websites listed above provide a wealth of information for the travelling public – but only in French! The Car Jaune website includes current Tariffs and a handy Route map.

Between them, the companies connect all towns and villages, no matter how remote, to regional transportation hubs. It was amazing to see wide-bodied buses negotiating tight, hair-pin turns on remote mountain passes and to find a lonely bus stop in the middle of a desolate lava field.

The bus stop at <i>Vierge Parasol</i>, which is located in the middle of an isolated, south coast lava field.

The bus stop at Vierge Parasol, which is located in the middle of an isolated, south coast lava field.

While the network is comprehensive, and certainly looks good on paper, the reality on the ground is a little different with buses providing services during daylight hours only (from 6 am to 7 pm) from Monday to Saturday. While services around the capital are more frequent, the timetable elsewhere is less user-friendly, with services running infrequently.

If your time is limited, and you wish to explore off the beaten track (where many of the highlights are to be found), then you should hire a rental car rather than face frustrating delays waiting on buses that run very occasionally.

A one-way bus ticket on Citalis costs €2 and is valid for 90 minutes.

A one-way bus ticket on Citalis costs €2 and is valid for 90 minutes.

Taxi

Calling a taxi while on Réunion is one thing you should avoid at all costs!

Taxi’s are few and far between and, like taxis operating in other French territories such as French Polynesia and New Caledonia, the drivers work hours to suit themselves rather than their customers. Outside of business hours, it’s best to book a taxi in advance by calling one of the companies. Taxis do not cruise the streets of Saint-Denis looking for customers, but can be found, during business hours, on taxi ranks.

Uber, or any other ride sharing app, is banned from operating on the island and the drivers I spoke to told me they would fight the introduction of any such competition. There are few taxis on Reunion and those that do exist operate like a cartel in a monopoly environment, charging all sorts of fees.

During one ten-minute taxi ride from the airport to a nearby guest house, the driver complained to me about the high cost of living on Reunion and then, upon completion of the journey, charged me €25! This included the meter fee of €19 then a fee of €2 for each piece of baggage, including my laptop bag, camera bag and main luggage.

On another occasion, late one evening, after dinner and drinks at the Roland Garros bistro in Saint-Denis, I asked the staff to call me a taxi as I didn’t wish to walk back to my apartment. When the driver arrived the meter was already running and had €12 on the display. When I asked the driver why my journey was starting at €12, he explained that, since it was after hours, and he had to drive across town to collect me, that I had to pay for the whole journey, from the time he started his engine! Really??

If you must hire a taxi for an airport transfer, I highly recommend, Pierre Picard of 123 Transfert. Pierre is a private operator, offering transport at reasonable rates, without any of the nonsense. A native of Reunion who spent many years working in France, Pierre is very professional, speaks English and provides transport options island-wide. He can be contacted at:

  • WhatsApp/ Cell: +262 693 465 708
  • Email: contact@123transfert.eu
  • URL: www.123transfert.eu

Rental Car

The license plate on my rental car with the <i>974</i> French department number of Réunion.

The license plate on my rental car with the 974 French department number of Réunion.

While taxis should be avoided on Reunion, the best thing you can do for yourself is to hire a rental car the moment you arrive and keep it for the duration of your stay.

With taxis costing a fortune and buses running infrequently, a rental car will be your best transport investment on Reunion.

Being a French territory, the rental companies offer affordable, compact French cars such as Peugeot, Citroen and Renault starting at less than €30 per day.

If you’re from a part of the world where automatic transmission is the norm, you should know that cars on Reunion follow French norms and are almost all manual transmission.

The following rental agencies have branches at the airport:

My rental car on the road to Cilaos.

My rental car on the road to Cilaos.


That’s the end of my Réunion Travel Guide.

Safe Travels!

Darren


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Further Reading

You might also be interested in reading other taste2travel articles from the region, such as my:

Réunion Travel Guide Réunion Travel Guide Réunion Travel Guide Réunion Travel Guide Réunion Travel Guide Réunion Travel Guide Réunion Travel Guide Réunion Travel Guide Réunion Travel Guide Réunion Travel Guide Réunion Travel Guide Réunion Travel Guide Réunion Travel Guide Réunion Travel Guide Réunion Travel Guide Réunion Travel Guide Réunion Travel Guide Réunion Travel Guide Réunion Travel Guide Réunion Travel Guide Réunion Travel Guide Réunion Travel Guide Réunion Travel Guide Réunion Travel Guide Réunion Travel Guide Réunion Travel Guide Réunion Travel Guide Réunion Travel Guide Réunion Travel Guide Réunion Travel Guide Réunion Travel Guide Réunion Travel Guide Réunion Travel Guide Réunion Travel Guide Réunion Travel Guide

How to Book Cheap Flights

Departure boards at Hamid International Airport.

How to Book Cheap Flights

Welcome to the taste2travel ‘How to Book Cheap Flights’ guide!

Date: June 2019

Introduction

How to Book Cheap Flights explains how you can find and book a bargain airfare, a simple, straightforward process, made easy thanks to a few useful websites.

Deal Websites

Secret Flying

The Secret Flying website allows you to select deals according to geographical regions. such as 'USA'.

The Secret Flying website allows you to select deals according to geographical regions. such as ‘USA’.

One of my favourite websites for bagging a bargain airfare is Secret Flying. If you’re flexible with your travel plans or just want to view a list of deals, Secret Flying features regularly updated lists of deeply discounted and error fares.

Error Fares displayed on Secret Flying.

Error Fares displayed on Secret Flying.

What’s an error fare? An error fare is when an airline accidentally lists a pricing mistake, thereby offering tickets significantly cheaper than intended. The trick to securing an error fare is to be quick and book the flight before the airline realises their mistake.

Why do error fares occur? Error fares happen for various reasons such as the dumping of the (very expensive) fuel surcharge fee, human error, computer error or even mistakes due to currency conversions.

Deals displayed on the Secret Flying website.

Deals displayed on the Secret Flying website.

You can view current deals based on geographical region (most of them are in North America) and subscribe to receive a daily email which will list the latest bargains. Handy links are included in each deal which will take you directly to the discounted airfares which you can then book.

Finding a Cheap Flight

Wikipedia Airport Guides

The Wikipedia page for Tahiti International Airport, officially known as Fa'a'ā International Airport.

The Wikipedia page for Tahiti International Airport, officially known as Fa’a’ā International Airport.

Not all airlines are included in search results, especially low-cost carriers. Before conducting a search for flights, it’s best to gain an understanding of which airlines serve your destination.

To do this you should perform a Google search on your destination airport. At the top of the search results, you’ll find a Wikipedia page for that airport.

On the Wikipedia page, you’ll find a list of all airlines (see the following image) currently flying to/ from the specified airport. In this example, I have searched on Tahiti International Airport, officially known as Fa’a’ā International Airport.

Once you have a list of all airlines, you can then search for flights using regular Online Travel Agent (OTA’s) websites such as Expedia, Skyscanner etc and, if certain airlines are omitted from the results, you can check their websites manually.


A listing of all airlines currently serving Tahiti International Airport in French Polynesia which includes French Bee.

A listing of all airlines currently serving Tahiti International Airport in French Polynesia which includes French Bee.

As an example – I once searched for an airfare to Tahiti from the United States. Normally flights to this South Pacific paradise are very expensive and the regular search results were not encouraging.

However, a quick look at the Tahiti International Airport page on Wikipedia showed a French discount carrier, French Bee, flew to Tahiti, from Paris via San Francisco, three times a week. It didn’t appear in any of the search results!

I then checked their website manually (also clickable from the Wiki page) and found an airfare for a third of the price of the other regular carriers. I booked a one-way ticket from San Francisco to French Polynesia (click to read my report) for US$350! Most other carriers were charging around US$1000.

ITA Matrix

A search on the ITA Matrix for a one-way flight from Miami to Brussels, selecting a calendar view of lowest fares.

A search on the ITA Matrix for a one-way flight from Miami to Brussels, selecting a calendar view of lowest fares.

My go-to sight for searching out bargain airfares is the ITA Matrix, which is a Google website. You can search for One-way, Return or Multi-City airfares by either specifying a specific travel date or electing to view a monthly calendar view of airfares.

The search result from the Miami to Brussels query clearly highlights the cheapest fares in red.

The search result from the Miami to Brussels query clearly highlights the cheapest fares in red.

Search results are displayed on a calendar view, which highlights the cheapest available airfare on each given day, with the cheapest monthly fare easily identifiable in red.

Clicking on any of the days will allow you to view all available fares for that date. The following screenshot shows the results from the 6th of July, one of three days in the month offering the best value.

The cheapest fare available on a particular route during the month will be highlighted in red.

The cheapest fare available on a particular route during the month will be highlighted in red.

The results from the 6th of July show the low-cost (Belgium) carrier, Tui Fly, are offering a direct flight (8h 55m) for US$174, just a quarter of the cost of the next cheapest offer from Aeroflot, whose indirect flight (22h 30m) leaves you sitting around Moscow airport for hours. I have flown on this flight before at the same price – a great value connection between Miami and Europe. 

To view the itinerary for the Tui Fly flight, you simply click on the Price button next to the fare, in this case – US$174.

How to Book Cheap Flights: The itinerary for the TUI Fly flight includes the all-important fare construction code for the ticket.

The itinerary for the TUI Fly flight includes the all-important fare construction code for the ticket.

At the bottom of the itinerary is the fare construction code for the ticket, which is needed to book the ticket. The only thing you cannot do on the ITA Matrix is actually book a ticket.


ITA Matrix Advanced Controls

A list of 'Advanced Control' options which allow you to enhance searches on the ITA Matrix.

A list of ‘Advanced Control’ options which allow you to enhance searches on the ITA Matrix.

The real power of the ITA Matrix comes from the many ‘Advanced Control‘ options which allow you to refine your search in a variety of ways. If you wish to travel on a certain airline, via a certain city etc, you can specify it all using the advanced functions.

If you wish to fully understand all of the controls and features of the ITA Matrix, upgradedpoints.com offers a comprehensive tutorial which will allow you to become an ITA Matrix guru.


Booking a Ticket

Book With Matrix

How to Book Cheap Flights: The 'Book With Matrix' website allows you to copy and paste an itinerary from the ITA Matrix which can then be converted and fed to a booking site.

The ‘Book With Matrix’ website allows you to copy and paste an itinerary from the ITA Matrix which can then be converted and fed to a booking site.

Once you’re ready to book a ticket, you’ll need to find an OTA which can convert the code generated from the ITA Matrix. Unfortunately, not many sites can do this!

The site I use, and recommend, is Book with Matrix which isn’t an Online Travel Agent but an interface between the ITA Matrix and various OTA’s. Book With Matrix allows you to copy and paste the itinerary generated from the ITA Matrix into a window at the top of the website.

'Book With Matrix' converting the booking code from the ITA Matrix.

‘Book With Matrix’ converting the booking code from the ITA Matrix.

The site then converts the booking code, passing it to various OTA’s, from where you can book your bargain fare.

How to Book Cheap Flights: A list of Online Travel Agents from which the Fly Tui airfare can be purchased.

A list of Online Travel Agents from which the Fly Tui airfare can be purchased.

In this example, I selected Priceline.com as my OTA of choice. The following screenshot shows you the final step in the process where you get to purchase your bargain ticket.

The screen from Priceline.com from where you can purchase the TUI Fly flight.

The screen from Priceline.com from where you can purchase the TUI Fly flight.

Book With Matrix Utility

If you’re going to be a regular user of the ITA Matrix and Book With Matrix, it’s worth downloading the useful utility from Book With Matrix, which installs a ‘booking button’ on your internet search bar.

When you install the 'Book With Matrix' utility, a clickable booking button will be automatically added to your search bar.

When you install the ‘Book With Matrix’ utility, a clickable booking button will be automatically added to your search bar.

The 'Book With Matrix' booking button.

The ‘Book With Matrix’ booking button.

From the ITA Matrix Itinerary screen, you simply click the booking button to initiate an automated process which converts the ITA Matrix fare code, then displays the OTA’s from which you can book your ticket.

All automated, and done in seconds! 

The ITA Matrix Itinerary screen.

The ITA Matrix Itinerary screen.

Once purchased, your bargain ticket will be emailed to you and you’re on your way!

If you have any questions regarding this topic, please contact me via the ‘Contact’ page. If you think this would be helpful to others, feel free to share it using any of the buttons below.


That’s the end of this post. I hope it has provided some useful tips which will save you some dollars!

Safe Travels!

Darren


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